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Gas Chromatography: Presentation by Jemimah S 07MCH103

Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate, identify, and analyze chemical compounds by carrying a sample through a column via an inert gas mobile phase, where components differentially interact with a stationary phase and exit the column at different retention times, producing a chromatogram that can identify the number and amount of components through peak separation and integration.

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53 views

Gas Chromatography: Presentation by Jemimah S 07MCH103

Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate, identify, and analyze chemical compounds by carrying a sample through a column via an inert gas mobile phase, where components differentially interact with a stationary phase and exit the column at different retention times, producing a chromatogram that can identify the number and amount of components through peak separation and integration.

Uploaded by

jemimahisrael
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gas Chromatography

Presentation by
Jemimah S
07MCH103
Introduction

 Gas chromatography is an instrumental


method for the separation, identification and
analysis of chemical compounds.
 A sample is
 introduced into a heated injector,
 carried through a separating column by an
inert gas, and
 detected as a series of peaks on a recorder
when components leave the column.
 The instrument usually used for
experiments, a Varian 3350 gas
chromatograph, is shown here.
Carrier gas/ Varian 3350 Gas Computer Controls for
Regulator Chromatograph Method and Output
Slide 3a

 Chromatographic separation involves the


use of a stationary phase and a mobile
phase.
phase
 Components of a mixture carried in the
mobile phase are differentially attracted to
the stationary phase and thus move
through the stationary phase at different
rates.
rates
Slide 3
Flow of Mobile Phase
Injector Detector
T=0

T=10’

T=20’

Most Interaction with Stationary Phase Least


Slide 4a

 In gas chromatography

 the mobile phase is an inert carrier gas


and

 the stationary phase is a solid or a liquid


coated on a solid contained in a coiled
column.
Slide 5a

 Columns can be short, large diameter


packed column or long, very small
diameter capillary columns.

 Each has its own use and associated


advantages and disadvantages.
Slide 5
Slide 6a

 The mobile phase or carrier gas flows


through the instrument from a pressurized
tank.

 Flow rate is controlled by a two stage


regulator on the gas tank and additional
controls within the instrument.
Slide 6
Two Stage GC Flow Controller
Tank Regulator
Slide 7a

 The column is contained in a heated oven


that is preceded by a heated injector port
and followed by a heated detector unit
which produces the output.

 A set of preprogrammed parameters


regulate the operation of the system.
Slide 7
Slide 8a

 The injector, column oven and detector


components of the Varian 3350 gas
chromatograph are shown here.
Slide 8

Injector Detector

Column in Oven
Slide 9a

 Preprogrammed parameters, called a


separation method,
method control the operation
of the system.
Slide 9
Control Panel sets Separation Method
Slide 10a

 Samples may be pure compounds.

 However, they are often prepared as


dilute solutions due to the sensitivity of
the detection methods.
Slide 10

Dilute
Solution
Pure
Sample
Slide 11a

 When the system is ready, as indicated by


the ready light, samples are injected into the
injector port where they are vaporized and
carried into the column by the carrier gas.
Slide 11

10 l
Syringe
Slide 12a

 Separation of the components of the


mixture occurs in the column.

 Compounds differentially retained in the


stationary phase reach the detector at
different times to produce a set of peaks
along the time line.
Enter from Exit to
Slide 12 Injector Detector

Packed Column
installed in Oven
Compartment.
Slide 13a

 The detector response is sent to a


computer system where the progress of
the sample is monitored on the computer
monitor in graphical form that displays
detector response as a function of run
time.
Slide 13
Slide 14a
 Each component of the mixture reaches
the detector at a different time and
produces a signal at a characteristic time
called a retention time.
time

 The area under a peak is related to the


amount of that component present in the
mixture.
Slide 14
Slide 15a

 The detector information can also sent to a


printer that produces hard copy of the
chromatographic run.
Slide 15
Slide 16a
In the printout of the chromatographic analysis:
the number of peaks correlates with the number
of components in the sample,
the area under each peak correlates with the
relative amount of that component in the
sample,
and if standard information is available, the
retention time under defined conditions can be
used to identify each component.
Slide 16
Reference

 http://www.umd.umich.edu/casl/natsci/slc
/slconline/GC/sld001.htm
 Srivatsava and Jain, Chemical Analysis,
Third Edition.

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