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Computer Assisted Part Programming (APT, Automatically Programmed Tool)

1) Computer assisted part programming uses an APT language to define part geometry and tool paths. This allows complex parts to be programmed more efficiently than manual programming. 2) The APT language divides tasks between the programmer and computer. The programmer defines the part geometry and tool path. The computer performs computations, editing, and post processing to generate machine code. 3) Key aspects of the APT language include defining points, lines, and surfaces to represent part geometry. Motion statements like GOTO and GOLFT are then used to specify the tool path referencing the defined geometry.

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111 views

Computer Assisted Part Programming (APT, Automatically Programmed Tool)

1) Computer assisted part programming uses an APT language to define part geometry and tool paths. This allows complex parts to be programmed more efficiently than manual programming. 2) The APT language divides tasks between the programmer and computer. The programmer defines the part geometry and tool path. The computer performs computations, editing, and post processing to generate machine code. 3) Key aspects of the APT language include defining points, lines, and surfaces to represent part geometry. Motion statements like GOTO and GOLFT are then used to specify the tool path referencing the defined geometry.

Uploaded by

kumaresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer assisted part programming

(APT, Automatically Programmed Tool)

Manual part programming is time-consuming, tedious, and


subject to human errors for complex jobs.

Machining instructions are written in English-like statements that


are translated by the computer into the low-level machine code
of the MCU.

It is used for more complex jobs.


APT (Automatically Programmed Tool)

The various tasks in computer-assisted part


programming are divided between;
The human part programmer
The computer.

Sequence of activities in computer-assisted part programming


Computer Tasks in Computer-Assisted Part Programming
Input translation – converts the coded instructions in the part
program into computer usable form

Arithmetic and cutter offset computations – performs


the mathematical computations to define the part
surface and generate the tool path, including cutter
offset compensation (CLFILE)

Editing – provides readable data on cutter locations


and machine tool operating commands (CLDATA)

Post processing – converts CLDATA into low-level code that


can be interpreted by the MCU
Part Programmer's Job

Two main tasks of the programmer:

1 Define the part geometry


2 Specify the tool path and Operation Sequence
1- Define the part geometry

Geometry elements are sometimes defined only for use in


specifying tool path

Examples of part geometry definitions:

P4 = POINT/35,
90,0 L1 = LINE/P1,
P2

C1 =
CIRCLE/CENTER, P8,
RADIUS, 30.0
2- Specify the tool path and Operation Sequence

Tool path consists of a sequence of points or


connected line and arc segments, using previously
defined geometry elements

Point-to-Point command:
GOTO/P0
Continuous path
command:
GOLFT/L2, TANTO, C1
Other Functions in Computer-Assisted Part Programming

Specifying cutting speeds and feed rates

Designating cutter size (for tool offset calculations)

Specifying tolerances in circular interpolation


Naming the program

Identifying the machine tool


Cutter Offset
Cutter path must be offset from actual part outline by
A distance equal to the cutter radius
There are four basic types of statements in the APT language:

Geometry statements, also called definition statements; are used


to define the geometry elements that comprise the part.

Motion commands; are used to specify the tool path.

Postprocessor statements; control the machine tool operation,


for example, to specify speeds and feeds, set tolerance values
for circular interpolation, and actuate other capabilities of the
machine tool.

Auxiliary statements; a group of miscellaneous statements


used to name the part program, insert comments in the
program and accomplish similar functions.
APT vocabulary words consist of six or fewer characters.
The characters are almost always letters of the alphabet.

Geometry statements
The points, lines, and surfaces must be defined in the program
prior to specifying the motion statements.

SYMBOL = GEOMETRY TYPE/descriptive data


A symbol can be may combination of six or fewer alphabetical and
numerical characters, at least one of which must be alphabetical.
Points :
Specification of a point can be accomplished by the following:

Designating its x-, y-, and z-coordinates;

P1 = POINT/15.0, 10.0, 25.0


As the intersection of two intersecting
lines;

P2 = POINT/INTOF, L1, L2
Lines:
A line in APT is considered to be of infinite length in both
directions. Specification of a line can be accomplished by the
following:
Two points through which it passes;

L1 = LINE/P3, P4

Passes through point (P5) and parallel to another line (L3) that
has been previously defined;
L2 = LINE/P5, PARLEL, L3
Plane : A plane can be defined by the following:

Three points through which it passes;

PL1 = PLANE/P1, P2, P3


P1, P2 and P3 must be non-collinear

Passes through point (P2) and parallel to


another plane (PL1)
that has been previously defined;

PL2 = PLANE/P2, PARLEL, PL1


Circle:

center and radius

C1 = CIRCLE/CENTER, P1, RADIUS, 25.0

Three points through which it passes;

C2 = CIRCLE/P4, P5, P6
APT Rules:
A symbol can be used to define only one geometry element

Only one symbol can be used to define any given element


GODLTA statement is useful in drilling operations.
Contouring motions
1. Drive surface; this is the surface that guides
the side of the cutter.

2. Part surface; this is the surface, again pictured as a


plane, on which the bottom or nose of the tool is
guided.

3. Check surface; this is the surface that stops the


forward motion of the tool in the execution of the current
command.
APT Modified words:

TO,ON,PAST
TANTO: Drive surface is tangent to the check surface
FROM/PTARG

GO/TO, PL1, TO, PL2, TO, PL3


FROM/PTARG
GO/TO, L1, TO, PL2, TO, L3
GORGT/L3, PAST, L4
Postprocessor and Auxiliary statements

POSTPROCESSOR COMMAND/descriptive data


Auxiliary statements are used to identify the part
programme
PARTNO SAMPLE PART DRILLING OPERATION

MACHIN/DRILL,01
CLPRNT
UNITS/MM
Points are
defined 10 mm
above part
surface.

PTARG = POINT/0,
-50.0, 10.0
P5 = POINT/70.0,
30.0, 10.0

P6 = POINT/120.0,
30.0, 10.0
Drill bit motion statements.

FROM/PTAR
G RAPID
GOTO/P5
SPINDL/1000
, CLW

FEEDRAT/0.05
GODLTA/0, 0, -25.0
GODLTA/0, 0,
25.0
RAPID

GOTO/P6

SPINDL/1000, CLW

FEEDRAT/0.05
GODLTA/0, 0, -25.0

GODLTA/0, 0, 25.0
RAPID
GOTO/P7
SPINDL/1000, CLW
FEEDRAT/0.05, IPR

GODLTA/0, 0, -25.0
GODLTA/0, 0, 25.0
RAPID

GOTO/PTAR
G
SPINDL/OFF
PARTNO SAMPLE PART MILLING OPERATION
MACHIN/MILLING,02

UNITS/MM

CUTTER/20.0
PTARG =
POINT/0,
-50.0, 10.0
P1 = POINT/0,
0, -25.0

P2 =
POINT/160.
0, 0, -25.0
P3 =
POINT/160.
0, 60.0,
-25.0

P4 =
POINT/35.0,
90.0, -25.0
L3 = LINE/P4, LEFT, TANTO, C1
L4 = LINE/P4, P1
PL1 = PLANE/P1, P2, P4
REMARK Milling cutter motion statements.
FROM/PTARG
SPINDL/1000, CLW
FEEDRAT/50, IPM
GO/TO, L1, TO, PL1, ON, L4
GORGT/L1, PAST, L2
GOLFT/L2, TANTO, C1
GOFWD/C1, PAST, L3
GOFWD/L3, PAST, L4
GOLFT/L4, PAST, L1
RAPID
GOTO/PTAR
G
SPINDL/OFF
FINI

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