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Computer Programming: Variables and Data Types Furqan Aziz

This document discusses variables and data types in C++. It explains that C++ uses variables to name and store data, and each variable has a type and size. The main data types are char, short, int, float, and double. It also discusses integer arithmetic operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder. Finally, it covers integer variable types, assignment operators, increment/decrement operators, and constant and real variable types.

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Anees Ahmed
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21 views

Computer Programming: Variables and Data Types Furqan Aziz

This document discusses variables and data types in C++. It explains that C++ uses variables to name and store data, and each variable has a type and size. The main data types are char, short, int, float, and double. It also discusses integer arithmetic operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder. Finally, it covers integer variable types, assignment operators, increment/decrement operators, and constant and real variable types.

Uploaded by

Anees Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Programming
Lecture 3
Variables and Data Types
Furqan Aziz
C++ uses Variables to name and
store data
 Each variable has a name and is assigned a
memory location.
 Variable Names
 Variable declaration
 Variable definition
 Type
 Size
Data Types of variable
 Char
 Short
 Int
 Float
 Double
Characters
 Character Sets
 Character Encoding
 Escape Sequence (for control characters).
E.g., \n,
Integer Arithmetic
 The basic integer arithmetic
operators are +, -, *, /, %.
+ Addition
 Examples

cout<<10+3;
- Subtraction

cout<<10-3;

cout<<10-13; / Division

cout<<10/2;

cout<<10/3; * Multiplication

cout<<10%3;

cout<<10%2; % Remainder

cout<<2+3;

cout<<2+3+6;
Precedence of Operators
 What will be the output if the following
statement is executed.
cout<<3+5*2;
13 or 16
Precedence and Associativity of
Operators
Operator Associativity
*/% Left
+- Left
 What will be the output if the following
statement is executed.
cout<<3+5*2;
cout<< 2*5+3*7
cout<< 2*3+3*7/3
cout<< 2*3+3*(7/3)
Variable
 Used to store data in memory
 It has a name

Rules for naming variables
 It has a data type
 It has a value
Integer Variables
 Variable that can store integers.
 Declaring: int num1;
Assignment Operator =
 Used to assign values to a variable
 Has less priority than the arithmetic
operators
 Right associative.
 Examples

Num1 = 10;

Num1 = Num2 = 10+20;
Using Integer Variables
# include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int num1 = 10;
Int num2 = 20;
int sum = 0;
sum = num1 + num2;
cout<<“Sum is ”<<sum<<endl;
return 0;
}

Out put: Sum is 30


Integer Variable Types
Type Size (byte) Range
char 1 -128 to 127
unsigned char 1 0U to 255U
short 2 Guess What?
unsigned short 2 Guess What?
int 4 Guess What?
unsigned int 4 Guess What?
long 8 Guess What?
unsigned long 8 Guess What?
The arithmetic Assignment Operator
+=, *=, -=, /=, %=
 So called because the compose of two operators,
the assignment operator and one of the arithmetic
operator.
 Right Associative
 All the arithmetic assignments operators, and the
assignment operator have equal precedence.
 Examples

int x = 10;

x *= 2; // equivalent to x = x * 2.

x += 10; // add 10 to x.
Multiple arithmetic Assignment Operator

 Use multiple assignments and arithmetic


assignment operators in same statement.
 Some examples

int x = 10, y = 5, z = 0;

x = y += 10;

x += y -= 5;

x *= y+= 3;

z = x *= y+= 3;
Incrementing and Decrementing Integers
 increment operator ++. Increments one.
 Decrement operator --. Decrements one.
 Higher precedence that the arithmetic operators, the
assignment operators, and the arithmetic assignment
operators.
 Examples

int x=5;

x++;
 Postfix and Prefix

int x=5, y=0;

y = x++;

y = ++x;
The Constant keyword
 const int x = 10;
 The value of a constant variable cannot be
change.
Real variable types
 float: typically provide 7 digits precession.
 double: typically provide 15 digits
precession.
 long double: may provide 19 digits
precession.
 Examples

float pi = 3.1416f;

long val = 23.43245;
Working with characters

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