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Models of Communication

The document discusses several models of communication: 1) Aristotle's linear model focused on the speaker delivering a message to a passive audience with no feedback. 2) Laswell's model examined how mass media disseminates propaganda by analyzing control, content, media used, audience, and effects. It was criticized for ignoring feedback. 3) Barnlund's transactional model depicted a two-way process with shared experiences and simultaneous sending and receiving between participants. 4) Shannon and Weaver's model treated communication mathematically but was criticized for oversimplifying human communication. 5) Schramm asserted communication requires overlap in participants' experiences, but his model couldn't handle multiple sources or different

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Glenn Rhey S. Orillos
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88 views

Models of Communication

The document discusses several models of communication: 1) Aristotle's linear model focused on the speaker delivering a message to a passive audience with no feedback. 2) Laswell's model examined how mass media disseminates propaganda by analyzing control, content, media used, audience, and effects. It was criticized for ignoring feedback. 3) Barnlund's transactional model depicted a two-way process with shared experiences and simultaneous sending and receiving between participants. 4) Shannon and Weaver's model treated communication mathematically but was criticized for oversimplifying human communication. 5) Schramm asserted communication requires overlap in participants' experiences, but his model couldn't handle multiple sources or different

Uploaded by

Glenn Rhey S. Orillos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODELS of

COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION: MODELS of
COMMUNICATION
◦ Models of communication are conceptual models used
to explain the human communication process.

o They form general perspectives on communication by


breaking communication from complex to simple and
keeps the components in order.
TYPES of MODELS of COMMUNICATION

Linear Transactional Interactive


Model Model Model

 Aristotle’s model  
Barlund’s model Schramm’s model
 Laswell’s model  Shannon & Weaver’s  White’s model

model
ARISTOTLE’ S MODEL

o This is considered as the first model of communication and was proposed before
300 B.C.
o It is also the is most widely accepted among all communication models.
ARISTOTLE’ S MODEL
o Aristotle Model is mainly
focused on speaker and speech.

o A speaker-centered model as
the speaker has the most
important role in it and is the only
one active.
ARISTOTLE’ S MODEL
o It is the speaker’s role to deliver a
speech to the audience. The role of
the audience is passive, influenced
by the speech.

o This makes the communication


process one way, from speaker to
receiver.
CRITICISMS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
◦ There is no concept of feedback, it is one way from speaker
to audience.

◦ There is no concept of communication failure like noise


and barriers.

◦ This model can only be used in public speaking.


LASWELL’ S MODEL
o This model is used for interpersonal
communication or group communication to
disseminate message to various groups in
various situations.
LASWELL’ S MODEL
o The model was developed to study
the media propaganda of countries
and businesses. At that time, only
rich people used to have
communication mediums such as
televisions and radios back then.

o The model is applied in different


medias and fields despite being
developed specifically for mass
communication.
COMPONENTS of LASWELL’ S MODEL

◦ CONTROL ANALYSIS helps the sender to have all the power.


◦ CONTENT ANALYSIS is related to the purpose or the ulterior motives of
the message.
◦ MEDIA ANALYSIS represents which medium should be used to exercise
maximum power against the receivers.
◦ AUDIENCE ANALYSIS shows who are the target population to be
manipulated or brain-washed.
◦ EFFECT ANALYSIS is used to predict the effect of message over the target
population to be exploited.
CRITICISMS of LASWELL’ S MODEL

◦ The major criticism of Lasswell’s Model is that it does not include


feedback and it ignores the possibility of barriers of communication.

◦ Without feedback, a communication process could not be fruitful.

◦ The model is also criticized for being very general and only including very
traditional topics.

◦ The model is said to be propaganda based as it is more focused on the


resulting outcome and generally used for media persuasion.
BARLUND’ S MODEL
BARLUND’ S MODEL
o The model shifted from the
trend of linear model to
dynamic and two-way
communication model.

o This is a continuous process


where sender and receiver
interchanges their places and
both are equally important.
ADVANTAGES of BARLUND’ S MODEL

◦ The model shows shared field experience of the sender and


receiver.

◦ Transactional model talks about simultaneous message sending,


noise and feedback.

◦ Barnlund’s model is taken by critics as the most systematic


model of communication.
CRITICISMS of BARLUND’ S MODEL

◦ Barnlund’s model is very complex.

◦ Both the sender and receiver must understand the codes


sent by the other.

◦ So they must each possess a similar “code book”.


SHANNON & WEAVER’S MODEL
SHANNON & WEAVER’S MODEL
o The Mathematical theory later came to be known as
Shannon Weaver model of communication or “mother of
all models.”
o This model is more technological than other linear
models.
CRITICISMS of SHANNON & WEAVER’S MODEL

◦ It can be applied more for interpersonal communication than group


communication and mass communication.
◦ Receiver plays the passive part in the communication process as sender
plays the primary role that sends messages.
◦ Feedback is taken as less important in comparison to the messages sent
by the sender.
◦ The model is taken by some critics as a “misleading misrepresentation of
the nature of human communication” as human communication is not
mathematical in nature.
SCHRAMM’S MODEL
SCHRAMM’S MODEL
o He is considered as the Father of Mass Communication.
o He asserts that communication can take place if and only if there is an
overlap between the “Field of Experience” of the speaker and of the
listener.
CRITICISMS of SCHRAMM’S MODEL

◦ This model cannot deal with multiple levels of communication


and complex communication process.

◦ There can only be two sources communicating, many sources


complicates the process and the model cannot be implemented.

◦ Message sent and received might be interpreted differently than


intended.
WHITE’S MODEL
WHITE’S MODEL
o This model implies that communication is circular
and continuous, without a beginning or end.

o It also points out that we can assume that


communication begins with thinking, communication
can actually be observed from any point in the circle.

o White contributed the concept of feedback to the


field of communication.

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