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3.design For Flexure V1

This document discusses the design of steel beams for flexure. It outlines potential failure modes including shear, flexure, and buckling. It then describes design considerations for local buckling, lateral-torsional buckling, and shear, providing equations for determining limiting slenderness, unbraced length, and shear capacity. Beam design involves checking the bending and shear stresses do not exceed the material strengths based on the type of buckling anticipated.

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80 views29 pages

3.design For Flexure V1

This document discusses the design of steel beams for flexure. It outlines potential failure modes including shear, flexure, and buckling. It then describes design considerations for local buckling, lateral-torsional buckling, and shear, providing equations for determining limiting slenderness, unbraced length, and shear capacity. Beam design involves checking the bending and shear stresses do not exceed the material strengths based on the type of buckling anticipated.

Uploaded by

November Rain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN

• DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

PURTO BHABAN, SEGUNBAGICHA, DHAKA-1000


FAILURE MODES OF BEAMS (FLEXURAL MEMBERS
2

 SHEAR:
 FLEXURE:
• BY REACING FULLY PLASTIC MOMENT Mp
• LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING (LTB)-
ELASTICALLY OR INELASTICALLY
• FLANGE LOCAL BUCKLING (FLB) -ELASTICALLY
OR INELASTICALLY
• WEB LOCAL BUCKLING (WLB) -ELASTICALLY OR
INELASTICALLY
 BY EXCESSIVE DEFLECTION
Local Buckling of Flange or Web Due to
Compressive Stress

M
Lateral Torsional Buckling Behavior

Compression flange begins to


buckle out of plane.
Bracing on the compression
flange makes it more difficult
to fail.
Methods of Bracing Compression Flange
Limit State Parameters for Local Buckling

  = Slenderness parameter; must be calculated for flange and web


buckling
 p= limiting slenderness parameter for compact element

 r = limiting slenderness parameter for non-compact element

   p : Section capable of developing fully plastic stress distribution

 p    r : Section capable of developing yield stress before local


buckling occurs; will buckle before fully plastic stress distribution can be
achieved.
   r : Slender compression elements; will buckle elastically before yield
stress is achieved.
Compact, Non-Compact, and Slender

 Slender sections cannot develop Mp due to elastic local buckling.


Non-compact sections can develop My but not Mp before local
buckling occurs.
 Only compact sections can develop the plastic moment Mp.
 Applies to major and minor axis bending
Strength Limit State for Local Buckling
Strength Limit State for Local Buckling
10
Limit State Parameters : Lateral-Torsional Buckling (LTB)

 Unbraced length, Lb
 Lb = distance between points which are either braced
against lateral displacement of compression flange or
braced against twist of the cross section
 Lp : Limiting Lb for full plastic bending capacity

 Lr : Limiting Lb for inelastic LTB

 E : Modulus of elasticity, ksi


 Cb: Bending coefficient based on moment gradient.
Limit State Parameters : Lateral-Torsional Buckling (LTB)

 If the laterally unbraced length Lb is less than or equal to a


plastic length Lp then lateral torsional buckling is not a
problem and the beam will develop its plastic strength Mp.

 Lp = 1.76 ry E / Fy - for I members & Channels

 If Lb is greater than Lp then lateral torsional buckling will


occur and the moment capacity of the beam is reduced below
the plastic strength Mp.
The Bending Coefficient, Cb

Cb =12.5 Mmax/(2.5Mmax+3Ma +4Mb + 3Mc)

 Mmax = maximum value in braced section

 Ma = value at quarter point

 Mb = value at center point

 Mc = value at three quarter point


The AISC Specification says that:

 Cb is a multiplier.

 Cb is always greater than 1.0 for non-uniform bending


moment.
 Cb is equal to 1.0 for uniform bending moment.

 If you cannot calculate or figure out Cb, then it can be conservatively


assumed as 1.0.
 Bending
Coefficient,
Cb

 AISC
Table 3-1
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF BEAM: LRFD
AISC F2-1
AISC F2-2
The design flexural
strength фbMn≤ Mu

AISC F2-3

Mn = Fcr Sx <= Mp
Inelastic
Plastic Buckling
Lp Elastic
 Buckling

Lb  Lp Lb
Lb >Lr
Basic

Lr
Equations:
AISC F2-5
Lp = 1.76 ry E / Fy Lr AISC F2-6 AISC 16.1-48
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Summary LRFD Beam Design 3.
Find Moment - Lateral Torsional Buckling

AISC F2-1
AISC F2-2

AISC F2-3
Mn = Fcr Sx <= Mp

AISC F2-5 Lr AISC F2-6 AISC 16.1-48


Lp = 1.76 ry E / Fy
Summary LRFD Beam Design
Check shear in the web

h/tw = 2.24 E / Fy
Most cases with
W shapes
AISC G2-1 fv = 1 and Cv = 1,

fv = 0.9

AISC G2-3 AISC G2-3 and AISC G2-3


Summary LRFD Beam Design
Check deflection.
Summary

 Local buckling is not an issue for most beams for A992 beams

 Effective bracing is provided at ends to restrain rotation


about the longitudinal axis.

 Effective bracing reduces Lb and prevents twist of the cross


section and/or lateral movement of the compression flange.

 Cb is important in economical design when plastic moment is


not developed

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