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Improper Integrals: MATH23 Multivariable Calculus

The document discusses improper integrals, which are definite integrals where either the limits of integration are infinite or the integrand is discontinuous. There are two types of improper integrals: those with infinite limits of integration, and those with a discontinuous integrand. The document provides examples of evaluating improper integrals by applying limits to the definite integral. It also discusses applications of improper integrals to finding the area of planes and volume of solids obtained by rotating regions bounded by curves.

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Ryan Jhay Yang
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43 views

Improper Integrals: MATH23 Multivariable Calculus

The document discusses improper integrals, which are definite integrals where either the limits of integration are infinite or the integrand is discontinuous. There are two types of improper integrals: those with infinite limits of integration, and those with a discontinuous integrand. The document provides examples of evaluating improper integrals by applying limits to the definite integral. It also discusses applications of improper integrals to finding the area of planes and volume of solids obtained by rotating regions bounded by curves.

Uploaded by

Ryan Jhay Yang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMPROPER INTEGRALS

MATH23
MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

•Identify an Improper Integral


•Classify Improper Integral
•Evaluate improper integrals by applying limits in the
definite integral
•Apply Improper Integrals in solving Area of Planes and
Volume of Solids
IMPROPER INTEGRAL
DEFINITION:
The definite integral
b
a
f ( x)dx

has the following assumptions:


a. the limits of integration are finite
b. f(x) is continuous for every x in a < x < b
otherwise the integral is an IMPROPER
b
 a
f ( x)dx

Types of Improper Integral


1. Integral Over Infinite Intervals (Infinite Limits)
 b 

a
f ( x)dx 

f ( x)dx 

f ( x)dx
2. Integrals whose Integrals have Infinite
Discontinuities (Discontinuous Integrand)

lim xa
f ( x)   lim f ( x)  
x b

lim f ( x)  
x c
a cb
INFINITE LIMITS
Definite Integral with one or both limits that are
infinite:  b
 a
f ( x)dx  lim  f ( x)dx
b  a

b b

f ( x)dx  lim 
a   a
f ( x)dx

 b
 
f ( x)dx  lim
b  a f ( x)dx
a  
THEOREM
THEOREM
EXAMPLES
Evaluate the following integrals, if they converge
 dx  dx
a)  3 c) 
1 x  1  x 2

1
b)  e dz z  dy
 d )
5
y 1
EXERCISES
Determine if the following integrals converge or
diverge. Evaluate the integrals, if they converge
1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.
DISCONTINUOUS INTEGRAND
When f(x) is continuous for all values of x except
in any point [a,b] or a < x < b, then
b x
a
f ( x)dx  lim  f ( x)dx
x b  a
b b
a
f ( x)dx  lim  f ( x)dx
xa  x

b x b
a
f ( x)dx  lim  f ( x)dx  lim  f ( x)dx
x c  a x c  x
THEOREM
THEOREM
GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION
EXAMPLES
Determine if the following integrals converge or
diverge. Evaluate the integrals, if they converge
3 dt  /2
a)  c)  tan d
2 (t  2) 3 0

dx 2 dx
d )
1
b)  0 ( x  1) 2 / 3
0
1 x
EXERCISES

Identify the points of discontinuity of the following functions.


Determine if the following integrals converge or diverge.
Evaluate the integrals, if they converge
1. 7.

2. 8.

3. 9.

4. 10.

5. 11.

6. 12.
APPLICATIONS
Recall the formula for the plane Area and
Volume of revolution as:
b b
A   f ( x)dx V    [ f ( x)] dx
2
a a
EXAMPLES
1. Find the area bounded by the given curve and
the x-axis:
1
a. y and its asymptotes
x(2  x)
b. 1
y  x x
e e
(Hint: Multiply both numerator and denominator by ex).
EXAMPLES
1. Find the volume generated by revolving the
area bounded by the given curve and the x-
axis as it is revolved about the x-axis:

x
a. ye (Use Q1 area)

 x2
b. y  xe
(Obtain the domain first of the function)
Exercises
1) Determine whether the volume obtained by revolving
about the x-axis the region bounded by the curve
and the line x=e has an infinite volume
 
2. Let Ω be the region bounded by the curve y= e-x and the x-
axis x ≥ 0.
 (a) Find the Area of Ω.
(b) Find the Volume obtained by revolving Ω about the x-axis.

3. Let Ω be the region bounded by the coordinate axes, the


curve y = and the line x=1. Find the area of Ω
Examples for Volume Applications of
Improper Integrals
1.) Let “Ω” be the region bounded by the curve
Find the volume obtained by revolving “Ω” about the x-axis.and the line x = 1.

Answer: π/3 cubic units.

2.) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving around the y-axis the
curve and the x-axis, x≥0.

Answer: 2π cubic units.


Examples:
3.) Find the volume obtained by revolving about the y-axis the region bounded by
the curve and the x-axis, 0<x≤1.

Answer: 2π cubic units.

4.) Find the volume of the ellipsoid you obtain when you revolve the ellipse
about the y-axis

Answer: 16π/3 cubic units.


SUGGESTED READINGS
TEXTBOOKS
Anton, Howard; Bivens Irl and Davis Stephen Calculus,
Early Transcendentals, Chapter 7 pages 547 to 555
Peterson, Thurman S Calculus With Analytic Geometry,
Chapter 14 pages 289 to 292

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