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Breathing BOP I Assignment

Diaphragmatic breathing, also known as belly breathing or abdominal breathing, is an exercise that strengthens the diaphragm muscle. It involves inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through the mouth. Regular practice can improve respiratory capacity and lower blood pressure. Segmental breathing targets specific areas of the lungs by applying pressure to the corresponding rib areas during inhalation. Pursed lip breathing is useful for COPD patients, as exhaling slowly through pursed lips empties the lungs more fully and reduces breathing rate.

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Sonia gupta
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123 views

Breathing BOP I Assignment

Diaphragmatic breathing, also known as belly breathing or abdominal breathing, is an exercise that strengthens the diaphragm muscle. It involves inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through the mouth. Regular practice can improve respiratory capacity and lower blood pressure. Segmental breathing targets specific areas of the lungs by applying pressure to the corresponding rib areas during inhalation. Pursed lip breathing is useful for COPD patients, as exhaling slowly through pursed lips empties the lungs more fully and reduces breathing rate.

Uploaded by

Sonia gupta
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JAIPUR NATIONAL

UNIVERSITY

NAME – SONIA GUPTA


COURSE-BPT I st YEAR
ROLL NO.-128
SUBMITTED TO - Dr
YASHIKA MAM & DR
MUKESH SIR
Topic –Breathing exercises…
principle,technique of
diaphragmatic and segmental
breathing with diagram
BREATHING

The process of respiration, during which air is


inhaled into the lungs through the mouth or nose
due to muscle contraction and then exhaled due to
muscle relaxation.

OR
The bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the
process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and
releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation.
GUIDELINE FOR TEACHING BREATHING
EXERCISES
 Choose a quiet area-to get a proper interaction with
minimal distraction
Explain the patient about the aim and how it works
for his impairment
Have the pat: in relaxed position and loosen the
clothes, make him in semi-fowlers position with
head and trunk elevated approx: 45˚ (total support
to the head and trunk
and flexing the hip and knees with pillow support) the
abdominal muscle become relaxed.
Other positions, such as supine, sitting, or standing,
may be used as the patient progresses during
treatment.
Observe and access the patients spontaneous
breathing pattern while at rest and duringactivity
 Determine whether Rx is indicated ornot If
necessary teach the patient relaxation techniques,
relax the muscles of upper thorax neck and shoulder
to minimize the use of accessorymusclework.
 Special attention on sternocleidomastoids, upper
trapezius and levatorscapulae.
Demonstrate the breathing pattern to the patient
 Have the patient practice the correct technique in
verity of positions at rest and withaction.
PRECUATIONS
• Never allow the patient to force expiration-it may
increase the turbulence in the air way which leads to
bronchospasmand airway resistance.
• Avoid prolonged expiration-it cause the patient to gasp
with the next inspiration and the breathing
patternbecome irregular and inefficient.
• Do not allow the patient to initiate inspiration with
accessory muscles and upper chest ,advise him that
upper chest should be quiet during breathing
• Allow the patient to perform deep breathing only for 3-4
times (inspiration and expirations) to avoid
Hyperventilation.
INDICATIONS
• Cystic fibrosis
• Bronchiectasis
• Atelectasis
• Lung abscess
• Pneumonias
• Acute lung disease
• For patients with a high spinal cord lesion/ spinal cord
injury, myopathiesetc.
• COPD –emphysema, chronicbronchitis
• After surgeries (thoracic or abdominal surgery)
• For patients who must remain in bed for an extended
period of time.(obstruction due to retained secretions)
• As relaxationprocedure.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Severe pain and discomfort
• Acute medical or surgical emergency
• Patients with reduced conscious level
• Increased ICP
• Unstable head or neck injury
• Active hemorrhage with hemodynamic
instability or hemoptysis
• Flail chest
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Anticoagulation Rib or vertebral
fractures
5.Glossophryngeal breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing is a type of a breathing exercise
that helps strengthen your diaphragm, an important muscle
that helps you breathe. This breathing exercise is also
sometimes called belly breathing or abdominal breathing.
Diaphragmatic breathing is a type of breathing exercise
that helps strengthen your diaphragm, an important
muscle that helps you breathe as it represents 80% of
breathing. This breathing exercise is also sometimes called(
belly breathing or abdominal breathing).
Physiological Effect
1.It helps you cope with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).
2.It improves your body’s ability to tolerate intense exercise.
3.It lowers your chances of injuring or wearing out your muscles.
4.It slows your rate of breathing so that it expends less energy.
5.It helps you relax, lowering the harmful effects of the stress hormone
cortisol on your body.
6.It lowers your heart
7.Improve respiratory capacity.
8.It helps lower your blood pressure
PURSED LIP BREATHING

 Pursed lip breathing is a simple technique for slowing down a person’s


breathing and getting more air into their lungs. With regular practice, it
can help strengthen the lungs and make them work more efficiently
• The technique involves breathing in through the nose and breathing
out slowly through the mouth. Repeated pursed lip breathing should
slow breathing and empty the lungs.
• Pursed lip breathing can form part of a pulmonary rehabilitation
program. It may help people with lung conditions, particularly those
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Improving the breathing process has many benefits. Getting more
oxygen to the body can help with everyday activities, such as climbing
the stairs or walking. It may allow a person to do more exercise or
reduce the stress that shortness of breath can cause.
BENIFITS
• slowing the breath
• making it easier to breathe
• reducing the work that other muscles in the body
are doing to breathe
• increasing a person’s ability to carry out normal
activities or exercise
• getting rid of stale air from the lungs
• Pursed lip breathing can be particularly
beneficial as part of pulmonary
rehabilitition program. A healthcare professional
will supervise this program, which may include
exercises, information, and support.
SEGMENTAL BREATHING
A.Lateral costal expansion
• This is sometimes called lateral basal expansion and may be
done unilaterally or bilaterally.
• The patient may be sitting or in a hook lying position.
• Place your hands along the lateral aspect of the lower ribs to
fix the patient’s attention to the areas which movement is to
occur.
• Ask the patient to breathe out, and feel the rib cage move
downward and inward.
• As the patient breathes out, place firm downward pressure
into the ribs with the palms of your hands.
• Just prior to inspiration, apply a quick downward and inward
stretch to the chest. This places a quick stretch on the external
intercostals to facilitate their contraction. These muscles move
the ribs outward and upward during inspiration.
• Tell the patient to expand the lower ribs against your hand as
he or she breathes in.
• Apply gentle manual resistance to the lower
rib area to increase sensory awareness as the
patient breathes in and the chest expands
and ribs flare.
• Then, again, as the patient breathes out,
assist by gently squeezing the rib cage in a
down ward and inward direction.
• The patient may then be taught to perform
the maneuver independently. He or She may
place the hand (s) over the ribs or apply
resistance using a belt.
B. Posterior basal expansion
• Have the patient sit and lean forward on a pillow, slightly bending the
hips.
• Place your hands over the posterior aspect of the lower ribs.
• Follow the same procedure as described above.
• This form of segmental breathing is important for the post surgical
patient who is confined to bed in a semi upright position for an
extended period of time. Secretions often accumulate in the posterior
segments of the lower lobes.
C. Apical expansion
• Patient in sitting position.Apply pressure (usually unilaterally) below
the clavicle with the fingertips.
• This pattern is appropriate in an apical pneumothorax after a
lobectomy.
D. Right middle lobe or lingula expansion
• Patient is sitting.
• Place your hands at either the right or the left side of the patient’s chest,
just below the axilla.
• Follow the same procedure as described for lateral basal expansion.
E.Glossopharynegal Breathing
• Glossopharynegal breathing is a means of increasing a
patient’s inspiratory capacity when there is severe
weakness of the muscles of inspiration. It is taught to
patients who have difficulty taking in a deep breath, for
example, in preparation for coughing.
• This type of breathing pattern was originally developed to
assist post polio patients with severe muscle weakness,
today, if it is used at all, it is most frequently taught to
patients with high spinal cord injuries who can easily
develop respiratory problems.
• Procedure
The patient takes in several “Gulps” of air. Then the mouth
is closed and the tongue pushes the air back and traps it in
the pharynx. The air is then forced into the lungs when the
glottis is opened. This increases the depth of the
inspiration and the patient’s vital capacity.
GOALS OF BREATHING
EXERCISE
• Improve ventilation
• Increase the effectiveness of cough and promote
airway clearance
• To prevent post operative pulmonary complications
• To improve the strength endurance coordination of the
muscles of ventilation
• Maintain and improve chest and thoracic spine
mobility
• Promote relaxation and relive stress
• To teach the patient how to deal with episodes of
dyspnea
THANK YOU

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