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Single Factor or One-Way ANOVA Comparing The Means of 3 or More Groups

This document provides an overview of how to conduct a one-way ANOVA to compare the means of 3 or more groups. It discusses the assumptions of ANOVA including normality and equal variances. It then provides an example experiment looking at the effects of different doses of caffeine (placebo, low, high) on run performance. ANOVA found a significant effect of caffeine dose on performance. Post hoc tests found the placebo group differed from the high dose group but low dose did not differ from high dose. There was also a significant linear trend of increasing performance with higher caffeine doses.

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52 views14 pages

Single Factor or One-Way ANOVA Comparing The Means of 3 or More Groups

This document provides an overview of how to conduct a one-way ANOVA to compare the means of 3 or more groups. It discusses the assumptions of ANOVA including normality and equal variances. It then provides an example experiment looking at the effects of different doses of caffeine (placebo, low, high) on run performance. ANOVA found a significant effect of caffeine dose on performance. Post hoc tests found the placebo group differed from the high dose group but low dose did not differ from high dose. There was also a significant linear trend of increasing performance with higher caffeine doses.

Uploaded by

thinagaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Single Factor or One-Way

ANOVA Comparing the Means


of 3 or More Groups
ANOVA Terminology
 The purpose of this experiment was to compare
the effects of intensity of training (low, med,
high) on aerobic fitness (VO2).
 The independent variable Intensity of Training
is called a FACTOR.
 The FACTOR has 3 LEVELS (low, med, high)
 The dependent variable in this experiment is
VO2
 ANOVA allows for multiple comparisons while
still keeping alpha at 0.05.
Familywise or Experimentwise Error Rate
The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects
of NUMBER OF DAYS TRAINING PER WEEK (1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6) on STRENGTH.
The number of days training is a factor with 6 levels. We
could use multiple t-tests to compare (1 v 2, 1 v 3, 1 v 4, 1
v 5, 1 v 6; 2 v 3, 2 v 4, 2 v 5, 2 v 6; 3 v 4, 3 v 5, 3 v 6; 4 v 5,
4 v 6; 5 v 6). That would require 15 t-tests. This would
cause alpha to inflate from 0.05 to 0.26 greatly increasing
the probability of making a Type I ERROR.
ANOVA fixes this problem by doing only one test.

n is the number of pairwise


comparisons, with 6 means
alpha = .54
Assumptions of ANOVA

 Dependent variable is interval or ratio.


 The distributions within groups are
normally distributed.
 The variances between groups are equal
(levene test is not significantly different).
The effects of caffeine on run performance
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of caffeine
on run performance. Fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to one of
the following conditions (placebo, low dose, high dose).
Levels of Caffeine Factor
Enter the dose of caffeine as a fixed factor. This is
the independent variable, a between-subjects factor
with 3 levels (placebo, low dose, high dose).
Check homogeneity of variance if Choose the Sidak post hoc
you have a between subjects factor. test.
The groups have equal variance,
Levine’s test F(2,12) = .092, p = .913

Check homogeneity of variance if


you have a between subjects factor.
The null hypothesis is that the groups
have equal variance. In this case
you retain the null. You don’t want
this to be significant, if it is significant
you are violating an assumption of
ANVOA: homogeneity of variance.
The total variance is the difference between
each data point and the grand mean.

The sum of squares error


The model sum of squares is the variance not
variance is the difference explained by the model.
between each group mean and
the grand mean.
ANOVA Results

The dose of caffeine significantly affects performance


F(2,12) = 5.119, p = .025, power = .712

At this point you don’t know which means are


different, you will have to look at the post hoc test to
see which pairwise comparisons are different.
Post Hoc
Results

Placebo is different
from High Dose.

Low Dose is NOT


different from High
Dose
Trend Analysis Results

There was a significant linear trend (p = .008), indicating


that as the dose of caffeine was increased there was an
increase in run performance.
Effect Size

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