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Rizal and The Chinese Connection

1) Jose Rizal had Chinese ancestry through his great-great-grandfather Lam Co who migrated to the Philippines and adopted the name Domingo. 2) Rizal's father Francisco Engracio Mercado and mother Teodora Alonso Realonda both had mixed Chinese and Japanese ancestry. 3) The Chinese presence in the Philippines dates back to pre-colonial times and Chinese influenced Filipino culture, cuisine, and became an important economic community during the colonial period.

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Lee Hoseok
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190 views12 pages

Rizal and The Chinese Connection

1) Jose Rizal had Chinese ancestry through his great-great-grandfather Lam Co who migrated to the Philippines and adopted the name Domingo. 2) Rizal's father Francisco Engracio Mercado and mother Teodora Alonso Realonda both had mixed Chinese and Japanese ancestry. 3) The Chinese presence in the Philippines dates back to pre-colonial times and Chinese influenced Filipino culture, cuisine, and became an important economic community during the colonial period.

Uploaded by

Lee Hoseok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 6

RIZAL AND THE CHINESE


CONNECTION
THE ROLE OF THE CHINESE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Compared to Malays Chinese immigration has been going on
since pre-colonial period
• Chinese were late comers in terms of trade and migration to
Philippines, evidence of this fact came from archaeological
sources
• Sea of Champa- Various ports facing the South China seas
• Chinese trade conducted by chinese vessels begin much later
around 900 AD
EMPEROR YUNGLE (YUNGLO)

• By the time of Ming Period, gates of China was opened to the


world and Chinese ports of Amoy and Swatow (origins of
boats trading in South East Asia)
• Emperor Yungle wanted the world to recognize the superiority
of China and demanded tributes
• Yungle send some emissaries to Philippines to collect tributes
• Puntao Kung, Ko Cha-lao whose tombs can be found in Jolo,
Sulu
EMPEROR YUNGLE (YUNGLO)

• Chinese did not occupy any part of the islands but demanded
tribute from local rulers
• In 1417,the eastern King of Sulu (Paduka Batara) brought
tribute (gifts) , Yungle reciprocated by granting him gifts
worth several times
• Paduka died during on his way back
PRE COLONIAL PERIOD

• During Ming period Chinese went to Philippines


• Chinese left various influences such as use of yellow color to
denote royalty, loose fitting pants, vests, manufacture of tools
weapons
• Chinese heavily influenced Filipino Cuisine
COLONIAL PERIOD

• Chinese were allowed to live within what is now Intramuros


• Gave Spaniards access to skilled Chinese workers
• Chinese tried to revolt but it failed and they was routed
• Chinese were allowed back to Philippines due to lack of skill
workers
• Chinese were called sangleyes by the spaniards were among
the lowest rung of colonial society
COLONIAL PERIOD

• Chinese had to be baptized to be accepted into the colonial


society
• Spanish officials and religious stood as godparents
• Chinese either retained their father’s surname, romanized their
father’s name, take their godfather’s surname, or adopting
Spanish and Tagalog names
• These allowed Chinese to conduct business with Spaniards
• Chinese workers were highly paid for their skills
COLONIAL PERIOD

• Chinese were able to gain economic power, intermarried with


local population, creating new social caste the mestizo sangley
or the Chinese Mestizo
• In 1741 Spaniards issued 6 pesos tax to Pure Chinese, 3 pesos
to Chinese Mestizo
• Spaniards Mestizo were exempted to the tax
• Greatest religious congregation that was supported by the
Spaniards was founded by Mother Ignacia del Espiritu Santo
• Tomas Pinpin hailed as the Filipino printers
CHINESE AS A COMMUNITY

• Chinese looked after each other


• Establishing Chinese General Hospital, Fire Brigades to
protect the their fellow chinese
• Chinese community became a major economic lifeblood in the
Philippines
• Most of the businesses were owned by chinese
THE ANCESTRY OF RIZAL

• Rizal’s great great grandfather named Lam Co a chinese who


migrated to Philippines (1960)
• Under the Dominican supervision, Lam Co adopted the name
Domingo (founder of the order)
• Domingo Lamco married Chinese Mestiza Ines de la Rosa
• Francisco one of the children of Domingo and Ines married
Bernarda Monica and one of their child (Juan Mercado)
was Jose Rizal’s Grandfather
• In 1783 Francisco Mercado was elected Gobernadorcillo or
Municipal Mayor of Binan
THE ANCESTRY OF RIZAL

• His Son Juan Mercado was elected Capitan Del Pueblo in


1808, re elected in 1813 and 1823
• Juan Mercado was married to a Chinese Mestiza named
Cirila Alejandro
• They have 13 Children, one of those children was Rizal’s
Father (Francisco Engracio Mercado)
• In 1848, Governor General Narciso Claveria issued a decree
ordering that all natives adapt new surnames so that they can
be taxed properly
THE ANCESTRY OF RIZAL

• Rizal’s Father married Teodora Alonso Realonda, a native of


manila
• Her Lineage begins with Eugenio Ursua, a man of japanese
ancestry
• Eugenio Ursua was married to a native named Benigna, they
had a daughter named Regina (Rizal’s Great Grandmother)
• Regina was married to Manuel de Quintos, a mestizo from
Binian, who had a daughter named Brigida Quintos who was
Teordora’s Mother

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