THE EVOLUTION OF PUNE CITY,

 
(According to Planning laws)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Submitted by:
Bushra Daruwala
 
Madhura Shilwant

March {Urban Design}Sem III

LAWS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI.

  RIZVI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE,

  MUMBAI
ACADEMIC YEAR 2018 – 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Bushra ,D
 
Madhura.S  
March {Urban Design}Sem III R,C,O.A
 CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION
• LOCATION
• DEVELOPMENT OF PUNE CITY
• URBAN FORM PUNE CITY
• PLAN OF PUNE CITY
• LANDUSE WITH GROWTH POPULATION
• SPATIAL GROWTH OF PUNE CITY
• TOWN PLANNING ACT
• MASTER PLAN,1966
• REGIONAL PLAN ,1966
• Revised Draft Development Plan, 1987
• DP for 23 newly merged villages, 2001
• Revised Draft Development Plan, 1994
• LAND UTILIZATION AND LAND USE OF THE CITY AS PER
PLANNING POLICIES
• DEVELOPMENT IN THE FRINGES OF PUNE CITY
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bushra ,D
Madhura.S March {Urban Design}Sem III R,C,O.A
 INTRODUCTION

• Pune formerly spelled Poona (1857–1978)  is the second largest city in the Indian

state of Maharashtra after Mumbai. It is the ninth most populous city in the country with an
estimated population of 3.13 million.

• Along with its industrial twin Pimpri-Chinchwad as well as the cantonment

towns of Pune, Khadki and Dehu Road, Pune forms the urban core of the eponymous Pune
Metropolitan Region (PMR).

• According to the 2011 census, the urban area has a combined population of 5.05 million
while the population of the metropolitan region is estimated at 7.27 million.

• Situated 560 metres (1,837 feet) above sea level on the Deccan plateau

on the right bank of the Mutha river,Pune is also the administrative headquarters of its
namesake district. In the 18th century, the city was the seat of the Peshwas, the prime
ministers of the Maratha Empire and so was one of the most important political centres on
the Indian subcontinent.Pune is also ranked No. 1 city in country in 'ease of living' ranking.

• Considered to be the cultural capital of Maharashtra (India), ] Pune is known as the "Oxford
of the East" due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions.

• The city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent decades, with nearly half of the
total international students in the country studying in Pune.

 
• Research institutes of information technology, education, management and training attract
students and professionals from India and overseas. Several colleges in Pune have
student-exchange programs with colleges in Europe.Since the 1950s Pune has had a
traditional economic base as most of the old industries continue to grow. The city is known
for its manufacturing and automobile industries.
 LOCATION

PMR
Area-1340sq.km
Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC),
 Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation(PCMC)
Pune Cantonment (PC), Khadki Cantonment, Dehu Road Cantonment
 Around 100 other census towns and villages

PUNE CITY
Area-243.84
Population-3 million.
Pune has emerged as a prominent location for manufacturing industries, and
has now been recognized as the information technology hub and education
hub of the country
DEVELOPMENT OF PUNE CITY

SPRAWL OF PUNE CITY

YEAR CHRONOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY
1600 - 1637 Original nucleus-Kasba peth.
1940-1950 Pune Municipal Corporation(PMC)
was formed.
1958 18 villages were included in
the city's limits.
1962 Development in outskirts of
Pune like Kothrud.
1997 - 2001 23 villages were included and DP
was prepared for 23 merged
villages in 2001
2012 State Government in 2012
issued a notification to bring
28 fringe villages in the PMC
limits.

Source – Pune DP, Pune CDP 2041

`
URBAN FORM PUNE CITY

Inner suburbs of Pune City

Core Area Pune City
 PLAN OF PUNE CITY

R I V E R
M U T H A
-

A
L
U
M
R
R IVE
HA
M UT

U N D A RI
(P T .)

AM B E GAON B K
(P T.)

AM B E GAON KH
(P T.)

KHADAKWASALA
LAKE
N
Scale - 1:22500

Source – PMC Web site

Old PMC area
Extended PMC area
– 23 villages
Proposed Extension-
34 villages
 LANDUSE WITH GROWTH POPULATION

Population Growth Trend and Spatial Distribution: The population of Pune city as per
provisional figures of Census India, 2011 is more than 3 million. There is a growth of
more than six times in the city’s population in the last 60 years, from 0.48 million in
1951 to 3.11 million in 2011; the decadal population and growth rate are given in the
following table.

The graph of demographic growth trend of Pune city is showing steep decline from 50.08%
decadal growth rate in 1991-2001 to 22.73% decadal growth rate in 2001-11 which may be
due to the development of Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal corporation (PCMC) as an
industrial centre; Pimpri-Chinchwad may be considered as an emerging counter magnet to
Pune city. The average decadal growth rate from 1951 to 2011 is 36.54%. Rapid growth of
the city is mainly attributed to industrialization of PMC/PCMC after 1960 and expansion of
information technology (IT) industry in the last decade.
 SPATIAL GROWTH OF PUNE CITY

• Development of Pune as a city commenced from 1818, with the city area being just
5 sq. km. In 1987 (when the last Development Plan was prepared), the area of Pune
city was 146.11 sq.km; with the addition of adjacent villages in 1997, the current
area of PMC jurisdiction is 243.96 sq km.

• The old Development Plan was revised in 1987. For the newly added areas, the PMC
has prepared a separate new Development Plan. From a small area around Kasba
Peth, Pune has grown dramatically; in 1958, small pockets of land in parts of the
villages of Katraj, Dhankavadi, Lohagaon, Dapodi, etc. were added increasing the
area within PMC’s jurisdiction.

• The last such annexation took place in 1997 wherein 23 villages with an area of
97.84 sq. km. were added to Pune city. As a result, the PMC area increased from 146
sq.km. to 430 sq.km. The new PMC area is now more than double the Chennai
Municipal Corporation’s area.
 TOWN PLANNING ACT
z

Plans for Pune city development   In Pune city formal planning was introduced after
the first town planning Act was passed in 1915.  

Town Planning Scheme, 1918 This was the first town planning scheme for Shivaji
Nagar prepared in 1918 during the British rule.   Since the passing of the Town
Planning Act in 1915, Government has sanctioned four town planning schemes in
Poona City, covering an area of 1,554 acres1 .

These schemes were prepared by the Town Planning and Valuation Department.   
PMC has not executed a single TP scheme since 19762 . The non‐execution of the TP
schemes led to haphazard development of the city and adversely affected the
execution of DP. Under a TP scheme, land owners, whose properties are reserved for
civic amenity projects, can easily be compensated through allotment of alternative
plots in the same TP scheme layout3 .

TP schemes can be undertaken only after the sanction of the final DP.   Eight town
planning schemes were finalized till 19894 .

The following town planning schemes have been sanctioned in the old limits of Pune
city5 .
1. T.P scheme no.1 – Bhamburda Erandwana .
2. T.P scheme no.1 suburban ‐ Wakdewadi .
3. T.P scheme no.1 – Yerwada
4. T.P scheme no.1 ‐ Sangamwadi
5. T.P scheme no.1 ‐ Hadapsar  
6. T.P scheme no.2 ‐ Hadapsar
7. T.P scheme no.2 – Somwar Mangalwar Peth
8. T.P scheme no.3‐ Parvati Munjeri
 MASTER PLAN,1966z

• Master Plan, 1952 No details are available

• This was specified in the Strategic Environment Assessment’s Scoping report
undertaken for the revision of the DP that was sanctioned in 19876 .  

• First Development Plan for Pune, 1966

• The formulation of the first DP for Pune started in 1958 for the city under the
Bombay Town Planning Act, 1954.

• The DP was prepared by the Town Planning and Valuation Department of the
state government. This department had specially been created as urban local
bodies did not have the competence to prepare city plans.

• A Draft Plan was submitted to the state government in 1964. It was sanctioned by
the Government under the Government Urban Development and Public Health
Department Notification No. TPS‐ 1365‐M, dated 7 July 1966 and came into force
from 15th August 1966. This Plan was to be implemented over 10 years till 1976.

• The PMC was able to acquire only 4% of the land earmarked for public amenities.
 REGIONAL PLAN ,1966
z

• Regional Plan, 1976 The Bombay Town Planning Act was repealed and replaced
by the Maharashtra Town Planning (MRTP) Act, 1966.

• After the new MRTP Act came in to operation in 1966, work on preparing a plan
for the Pune region was undertaken. Pune region mainly included the area under
the jurisdiction of the Pune Municipal Corporation and the industrial
development to the north of the city.

• The Development Plan of Pune was merged into the Regional Plan. This was one
of the only instances of a bottom‐up planning process. 

•   Pune Metropolitan Region was established in 1967 under the MRTP Act 1966,
for an area of 1500 sq.km. This included Pune city, Pune and Khadki
Cantonments, Pimpri‐Chinchwad area, the area under the Pimpri–Chinchwad
New Town Development Authority and villages from Pune and Haveli tahsils. A
Regional Planning Board was constituted for preparation of the Regional Plan.  

• The Regional Plan for the Pune Metropolitan Region was sanctioned by the
government on 17 May 1976.

• The important policies laid down in the Regional Plan as they relate to the PMC
are as follows9 :
• Provision of additional area in the industrial zone in the sanctioned DP is not
necessary.

• Hills and hill slopes should be preserved for afforestation and creation of
recreational amenity in the city.
 Revised Draft Development
z Plan, 1987

• Revised Draft Development Plan, 1987 (First Revision) At least once in 20 years
from the date on which a DP has come into operation, and where a DP is
sanctioned in parts, then at least once in 20 years from the date on which the last
part has come into operation, a Planning Authority may revise the DP.  

• Thus, DP revision was undertaken in 1976 as per the statutory requirement. City
Engineer of the PMC was appointed as Town Planning Officer (TPO) for carrying
out the Existing Land Use Survey (ELU) of the areas, preparing an ELU map and
formulating proposals for the Revised Draft Development Plan.

• The ELU map is to be prepared within a period of 6 months from the date of
declaration of intention or within the period extended from time to time by the
Director of Town Planning, Maharashtra state. ELU map for the entire area within
the Municipal Corporation limits was prepared before 30th June 1979. It was
submitted to the State government in 1982.  

• The first revision of DP was sanctioned on January 5, 1987. The planning

authority may revise the DP at least once in 10 years from the date on which it
came onto operation. So the first sanctioned DP was revised and DP for
additional area within the extended Municipal limits prepared. The first revision
of the sanctioned 1966 DP and the fresh DP
 Revised Draft Development
z Plan, 1987

• Revised Draft Development Plan, 1987 (First Revision) At least once in 20 years
from the date on which a DP has come into operation, and where a DP is
sanctioned in parts, then at least once in 20 years from the date on which the last
part has come into operation, a Planning Authority may revise the DP.  

• Thus, DP revision was undertaken in 1976 as per the statutory requirement. City
Engineer of the PMC was appointed as Town Planning Officer (TPO) for carrying
out the Existing Land Use Survey (ELU) of the areas, preparing an ELU map and
formulating proposals for the Revised Draft Development Plan.

• The ELU map is to be prepared within a period of 6 months from the date of
declaration of intention or within the period extended from time to time by the
Director of Town Planning, Maharashtra state. ELU map for the entire area within
the Municipal Corporation limits was prepared before 30th June 1979. It was
submitted to the State government in 1982.  

• The first revision of DP was sanctioned on January 5, 1987. The planning

authority may revise the DP at least once in 10 years from the date on which it
came onto operation. So the first sanctioned DP was revised and DP for
additional area within the extended Municipal limits prepared. The first revision
of the sanctioned 1966 DP and the fresh DPVfor other areas was undertaken as
one entity and a revised DP was formulated. The second revision (DP 2008) is
now underway.  

• Only half the civic amenity projects recommended in 1987 DP have been
executed over the last 16 years. Some projects were delayed for want of funds
and some due to delays in land acquisition process.

• When the DP was finalized the state government had asked PMC to undertake
town planning (TP) schemes in the city for speedy execution of DP. However the
PMC has not executed a single TP scheme since 197610. A total area of 770.30
hectares was reserved under the DP, but PMC managed to acquire only 244.25
hectares and developed 193.57 hectares. It is estimated that the land use in the
sanctioned DP has been implemented to the extent of 28.5% only
 DP for 23 newly merged
z villages, 2001

The DP is divided into 10 planning units, of which planning unit number 1 viz. Baner‐ Balewadi
unit has already been approved by the state govt. (The date of approval is not known,but it
must have been approved due to the Commonwealth Games) Planning units 2‐10 are yet to be
approved by the state govt. Road network in 23 villages and sites reserved for water supply and
sewage have been approved.

An attempt was made to integrate the new DP with the sanctioned DP of the old area. The
ambition of preparing the green DP was to ensure that urban development does not cause
negative effects on the environment. When the DP was published and suggestions from citizens
were invited, several citizens supported construction on hill slopes while several objected to it.
In the DP areas were marked for a Biodiversity Park (BDP) on hill slopes, but the stand on
whether to allow construction on BDP has been changing ever since.  
 Revised Draft Development
z Plan, 1987

The first town planning scheme was prepared for Shivaji Nagar in 1918 and a Master
plan was prepared in 1952 for the Pune city. The first Development Plan (DP), for
PMC was prepared in 1966 (10 year horizon till 1976) in accordance with the new
legislation that is the Maharashtra Town and Country Planning Act, 1966. Revision
was made in 1982 which was sanctioned by the Government of Maharashtra in
1987. The second DP was prepared for horizon of 20 year (to be valid till 2007) for
PMC area of 138.36 sq. km. In 2001, PMC jurisdiction was extended by merging 23
neighbouring villages (in parts) and DP was exclusively prepared for this fringe area
for a horizon of 20 years (valid till 2021). The combined percentage distribution for
various land utilization categories is presented in the following Figure
 LAND UTILIZATION AND LAND zUSE OF THE CITY AS PER
PLANNING POLICIES
The first town planning scheme was prepared for Shivaji Nagar in 1918 and a Master
plan was prepared in 1952 for the Pune city. The first Development Plan (DP), for
PMC was prepared in 1966 (10 year horizon till 1976) in accordance with the new
legislation that is the Maharashtra Town and Country Planning Act, 1966. Revision
was made in 1982 which was sanctioned by the Government of Maharashtra in
1987. The second DP was prepared for horizon of 20 year (to be valid till 2007) for
PMC area of 138.36 sq. km. In 2001, PMC jurisdiction was extended by merging 23
neighbouring villages (in parts) and DP was exclusively prepared for this fringe area
for a horizon of 20 years (valid till 2021). The combined percentage distribution for
various land utilization categories is presented in the following Figure
 LAND UTILIZATION AND LAND zUSE OF THE CITY AS PER
PLANNING POLICIES

As per the development plan prepared in 2001, the residential land use has
increased to 50%. Considering the growing demand of housing, the newly added
areas have been utilized for residential use. Following chart shows the land use
classification of PMC as per development plan 2001.

With this increased pressure on the land use characteristic of the

city, the city is facing different types of threats for the future
development
 LAND UTILIZATION AND LAND zUSE OF THE CITY AS PER
PLANNING POLICIES

As per the development plan prepared in 2001, the residential land use has
increased to 50%. Considering the growing demand of housing, the newly added
areas have been utilized for residential use. Following chart shows the land use
classification of PMC as per development plan 2001.

With this increased pressure on the land use characteristic of the

city, the city is facing different types of threats for the future
development
 DEVELOPMENT IN THE FRINGES
z OF PUNE CITY

MIGRANT PUSH EMERGENCE

APPARTMEN
OLD CITY IS OF T RATES
INDUSTRIES-
CONGESTED 1960

CAUSES

POLITICAL CHEAP
HOUSING IN
BLESSINGS LACK OF FRINGE
AFFORDABLE
HOUSING

Source – Pune CDP 2041

 BIBLIOGRAPHY z

• Tanvi Kulkarni [2008] “JNNURM: Works, Achievements and Problems in Pune.”

• [2] PMC [2013] “Draft Development Plan for Old Pune City”.
• [3] Revised Action Plan For Control Of Air Pollution In Pune (PDF). Census of
India, Government of India (2001) Maharashtra Pollution Control
Board, Retrieved on 2008-12-29.
• [4] Census of India, (2011) http://www.censusindia.net.
• [5] Prenzel, B. (2004) “Remote sensing-based quantification of land-cover and
land-use change for planning” Progress in Planning, v.61, pp.281– 299.
• [6] Sulochana Shekhar. “Changing Space of Pune – A GIS perspective GIS@
development Map World Form, Hyderabad, India.” Paper Ref NO: MWF PN 116.
[7] Vaidya, C., (2009) “URBAN ISSUES, REFORMS AND WAY FORWARD IN INDIA”
2009-DEA.