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B. F Skinner Operant Conditioning

B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist known for developing the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behaviors are strengthened through positive or negative reinforcement depending on the consequences of an action. Skinner believed that learning is a function of change in overt behavior based on consequences in the environment.

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Criza Mae Castor Padernal
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272 views

B. F Skinner Operant Conditioning

B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist known for developing the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behaviors are strengthened through positive or negative reinforcement depending on the consequences of an action. Skinner believed that learning is a function of change in overt behavior based on consequences in the environment.

Uploaded by

Criza Mae Castor Padernal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B.

F SKINNER
OPERANT CONDITIONING
American psychologist

 Best known for


developing the theory of
behaviourism.

 psychologist, behaviou
rist, author, inventor,
and social philosopher.

regarded as the father


BURRHUS FREDERIC (B. F) SKINNER of Operant Conditioning
MARCH 20, 1904 - AUGUST 18, 1990
I. Behaviourism
- Is a theory of learning based upon the
idea that all behaviours are acquired
through conditioning. Conditioning
occurs through interaction with the
environment.
II. Learning
- acquiring new, or modifying and
reinforcing, existing knowledge,
behaviour, skills, values or preferences
and may involve synthesizing different
types of information.
Skinner’s Theory is based on the idea that
learning is a function of change in overt
Behaviour.

Theory is known as Operant Conditioning is


distinct in that the organism can emit responses,
instead of eliciting a response due to an external
stimulus
Operant Conditioning
- is the type of learning in which
behaviours are emitted to earn
rewards or avoid punishment.

-can be described as a process that


attempts to modify behaviour through
negative or positive reinforcement
- it is best way to understand
behaviour is look
at the cause of an action and its
consequences

- through Operant Conditioning


an individual makes an association
between a particular behaviour and
a consequence.
Example of Operant Conditioning
If you give your child a treat (reinforcer) after she
sits quietly at the table (desired response or target
behaviour), she is likely to sit quietly on the table
again next time.
REINFORCEMENT
-is something that happens after a behaviour or event that
strengthens or increases behaviour likely to occur again.
-reinforcement, a key concept of behaviourism, is the primary process
that shapes and controls behaviour. A reinforce is anything that
strengthens the desired response. There is a positive
reinforcement and negative reinforcement

a. Positive reinforcement (reward/praise) are favourable events or


outcomes that are presented after the behaviour. A behaviour is
strengthened by the addition of something.
Ex. Giving a child a compliment for a job well done

b. Negative reinforcement (removal) In these situations, a response


is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant
Ex.
Both types of reinforcement strengthen
behaviour, or increase the probability of a
behaviour reoccurring; the difference is in
whether the reinforcing event is something
applied (positive reinforcement) or something
removed or avoided (negative reinforcement).
Four Important Principles in
Operant Conditioning
1.Principle of Immediacy
2. Principle of Satiation
3. Principle of Contingency
4. Principle of Size
1. Principle of Immediacy - is behaviour that brings the instructor
and the students closer together in terms of perceived distance.

 Non-verbal immediacy - includes behaviours such as smiling,


gesturing, moves around the class while teaching and having
relaxed body language.

 Verbal immediacy- refers to calling on by the students or


asks students how they feel about things.

2. Principle of Deprivation/Satiation

 Deprivation - not having access to something that is highly


desirable.
 Satiation - is the opposite of deprivation; refers to having too
much.
3.Principle of Contingency - a future event or
circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted
with certainty.

4. Principle of Size -the cost-benefit" determinant of


whether a consequence will be effective.
If the size, or amount, of the consequence is large
enough to be worth the effort, the consequence will
enough to be worth the effort, the consequence will be
more effective upon the behaviour.

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