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Binary System

The binary system represents numbers using only two digits, 0 and 1. It is the number system most commonly used by computers. In binary, each digit is called a bit and can have one of two states: on or off, represented by 1 or 0. The modern binary number system was studied in the 17th century but related systems have been used for thousands of years in cultures around the world. Important developments included Boolean algebra, which is fundamental to digital circuitry, and Claude Shannon's 1937 thesis that implemented Boolean algebra using electrical switches, laying the foundations for practical digital computing.

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64 views

Binary System

The binary system represents numbers using only two digits, 0 and 1. It is the number system most commonly used by computers. In binary, each digit is called a bit and can have one of two states: on or off, represented by 1 or 0. The modern binary number system was studied in the 17th century but related systems have been used for thousands of years in cultures around the world. Important developments included Boolean algebra, which is fundamental to digital circuitry, and Claude Shannon's 1937 thesis that implemented Boolean algebra using electrical switches, laying the foundations for practical digital computing.

Uploaded by

Dariya Shaforostova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Binary System

QUICK REFERENCE

Usually, the binary number system,


i.e. the positional number system
with base 2. This is the number
system most commonly used in
computers. A binary digit (or bit) is
either 0 or 1. The representation of
numbers by binary digits is called
binary notation.
Binary System

The term binary system is also


used to describe any system in
which there are just two
possible states. For example,
each of the elements comprising
the memory of any computer is a
binary system, one of whose
states is used to denote the
binary digit 0 and the other to
denote the binary digit 1. It is
customary to refer to such a
storage element, or to the unit of
information in any binary
system, as a bit.
History
The modern binary number
system was studied in Europe
in the 16th and 17th centuries
by Thomas Harriot, 
Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz,
and Gottfried Leibniz.
However, systems related to
binary numbers have appeared
earlier in multiple cultures
including ancient Egypt, China,
and India. Leibniz was
specifically inspired by the
Chinese I Ching.
Later developments
In 1854, British mathematician 
George Boole published a landmark
paper detailing an algebraic system
of logic that would become known as 
Boolean algebra. His logical calculus
was to become instrumental in the
design of digital electronic circuitry.

In 1937, Claude Shannon produced
his master's thesis at MIT that
implemented Boolean algebra and
binary arithmetic using electronic
relays and switches for the first time
in history. Entitled 
A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Swi
tching Circuits
, Shannon's thesis essentially
founded practical digital circuit
Useing

The Z1 computer, which was


designed and built by 
Konrad Zuse between 1935
and 1938, used Boolean logic
Representation
Any number can be represented by a sequence of bits (binary digits), which in turn may be represented by
any mechanism capable of being in two mutually exclusive states. Any of the following rows of symbols can
be interpreted as the binary numeric value of 667:

1010011011
|  ―  | ― ― |   | ―  |  |
☒☐☒ ☐ ☐☒☒ ☐ ☒☒
y n y n n y y n y y 

A binary clock might use LEDs to express binary


values. In this clock, each column of LEDs shows
a binary-coded decimal numeral of the
traditional sexagesimal time.
In keeping with customary representation of numerals using 
Arabic numerals, binary numbers are commonly written using the
symbols 0 and 1. When written, binary numerals are often subscripted,
prefixed or suffixed in order to indicate their base, or radix. The
following notations are equivalent:

•100101 binary (explicit statement of format)


•100101b (a suffix indicating binary format; also known as Intel convention)
•100101B (a suffix indicating binary format)
•bin 100101 (a prefix indicating binary format)
•1001012 (a subscript indicating base-2 (binary) notation)
•%100101 (a prefix indicating binary format; also known as Motorola convention)
•0b100101 (a prefix indicating binary format, common in programming languages)
•6b100101 (a prefix indicating number of bits in binary format, common in programming
languages)
Information was taken from
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