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Ground Modification

Ground modification techniques aim to improve difficult soil conditions for construction projects. There are several alternatives to address poor foundation soils, including avoiding problematic sites, designing structures to accommodate soil issues, or removing and replacing unsuitable soils. Common ground modification methods involve mechanical, hydraulic, physical and chemical, thermal, or inclusion and confinement techniques to increase soil density, remove water, add stabilizing materials, or reinforce soils. The appropriate ground modification method depends on factors like the required improvement, soil type, cost, available equipment and time, and potential environmental impacts.

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33 views

Ground Modification

Ground modification techniques aim to improve difficult soil conditions for construction projects. There are several alternatives to address poor foundation soils, including avoiding problematic sites, designing structures to accommodate soil issues, or removing and replacing unsuitable soils. Common ground modification methods involve mechanical, hydraulic, physical and chemical, thermal, or inclusion and confinement techniques to increase soil density, remove water, add stabilizing materials, or reinforce soils. The appropriate ground modification method depends on factors like the required improvement, soil type, cost, available equipment and time, and potential environmental impacts.

Uploaded by

trishia arcilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ground Modification

By: SIEGA, Alvie


THE NEED FOR ENGINEERED GROUND IMPROVEMENT

As more and more land becomes subjected to urban or industrial


development, good construction sites and borrowed areas are difficult
to find and the soil improvement alternatives becomes the best option,
technically and economically.
When a project encounters difficult foundation conditions, possible
alternative solutions are:
 Avoid the particular site
Relocate a planned highway or development site.
 Design the planned structure accordingly.
Some of the many possible approaches are to:
- Use a raft foundation supported by piles.
- Design a very stiff structure which is not damaged by settlement
- Choose a very flexible construction which accommodates differential movement or allows
for compensation.
 Remove and replace unsuitable soils
Removing organic topsoil, which is soft, compressible, and volumetrically unstable. This
is a standard precaution in road or foundation construction.
 Attempt to modify the existing ground
Classification of Ground Modification Techniques

Mechanical Modification
Soil density is increased by the application of short-term external mechanical forces, including compaction of
surface layers by:
• Vibratory,
• Impact rollers,
• Plate vibrators.
Deep compaction by heavy tamping at the surface static, or vibration at depth.

Hydraulic modification
Free –pore water is forced out of the soil via (by means of) drains of wells.
- In coarse grained soils
This is achieved by lowering the ground water level through pumping from boreholes or trenches.
- In fine-grained soils,
The long term application of external loads (preloading) or electrical forces (electro kinetic stabilization) is
required.
Physical and chemical modification
Additives include:
- Natural soils
- Industrial by-products or waste materials (fly ash, slag),
- Cementitious and other chemicals (lime, cement) which react with each other and the ground.
When additives are injected via boreholes under pressure into the voids within the ground or between it and a
structure, the process is called GROUTING.

Thermal methods of modification


Soil stabilization by heating the ground and by freezing the ground are:
• Heating evaporates water and causes permanent changes in the mineral structure of soils.
• Freezing solidifies part or all of the water and bonds individual particles together.

Modification by inclusion and confinement


Reinforcement by:
• Fibers • Strips • Bars • Meshes • Fabrics.
Insitu reinforcement is achieved by nails and anchors.
Suitability, Feasibility, Desirability
The choice of a method of ground improvement depends on many factors including:
• Type and degree of improvement required
• Type of soil, geological structure,
• Seepage conditions,
• Cost (the size of the project may be decisive)
• Availability of equipment and materials and the quantity of work required
• Construction time available,
• Possible damage to adjacent structures or pollution of ground water resources,
• Durability of the materials involved,
• Toxicity or corrosivity of any chemical additives (government regulations may restrict the choice of additives),
• Reversibility or irreversibility of the process,
• Reusability of components,
• Reliability of methods of analysis and design,
• Feasibility of construction control and performance measurements.
END

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