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Culture-Based Disorders, Psychotherapy, and Breakthroughs: Darlene Cecille H. Tadal

The document discusses several culture-bound syndromes from around the world and their related symptoms. These include ataque de nervios among Latinos involving intense emotional upset and fainting episodes. Dhat syndrome in South Asia involves anxiety over semen loss. Various psychotherapy approaches are also outlined, such as psychodynamic therapy addressing unconscious conflicts and cognitive behavioral therapy using cognitive and behavioral techniques. Recent breakthroughs in psychology include new approaches to treating anxiety and depression as well as genetic studies of depression.

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Rachelle Salcedo
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50 views

Culture-Based Disorders, Psychotherapy, and Breakthroughs: Darlene Cecille H. Tadal

The document discusses several culture-bound syndromes from around the world and their related symptoms. These include ataque de nervios among Latinos involving intense emotional upset and fainting episodes. Dhat syndrome in South Asia involves anxiety over semen loss. Various psychotherapy approaches are also outlined, such as psychodynamic therapy addressing unconscious conflicts and cognitive behavioral therapy using cognitive and behavioral techniques. Recent breakthroughs in psychology include new approaches to treating anxiety and depression as well as genetic studies of depression.

Uploaded by

Rachelle Salcedo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Culture-based disorders,

Psychotherapy, and
Breakthroughs
Darlene Cecille H. Tadal
Culture Concepts of
Distress
 Psychiatricand Somatic symptoms
that are considered disease only
within a specific society or culture
 No objective Biochemical alteration
 No structural alteration of organs or
functions
 The disease is not recognized by other
culture
Ataque de nervios “Attack of
nerves”
 Latino descent
 Distress is a sense of being out of
control
 Comes from Accumulated
Stressors
 Happen as a result of a stressful
event relating to family
Symptoms:
 Intense Emotional Upset
 Depersonalization
 Derealization
 Amnesia
 Seizure-like or fainting episodes;
and
 Suicidal gestures
Related Conditions in DSM-5
 Panic Attack/Panic Disorder
 Specified/Unspecified Dissociative Disorder
 Conversion Disorder
 Intermittent Explosive Disorder
 Specified/Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
 Specified/Unspecified Trauma
 Stressor Related Disorder
Dhat Syndrom

 South Asia
 Commonly in Male
 Attributing various symptoms to semen
loss
 Anxiety and Distress over loss of Dhat
Symptoms
 Anxiety
 Fatigue
 Weakness
 Weight loss
 Impotence
 Multiple somatic complains
 Depressive mood
Related conditions in DSM-5
 Major depressive disorder
 Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
 Generalized anxiety disorder
 Somatic symptom disorder
 Illness anxiety disorder
 Erectile disorder, early (premature) ejaculation
 Other specified or unspecified sexual dysfunction
 Academic problem
Khyal Cap “Wind Attacks”

 Cambodians
 Concept of a wind-like substance may
rise in the body, along with blood and
caused serious effect
 Frequently triggered by worrisome
thoughts
 Sometimestriggered by odors, going to
crowded places, or riding a car
Symptoms
 Compression of lungs
 Shortness of breath
 Asphyxia
 Entering the cranium to cause tinnitus
 Dizziness
 Blurry vision
 Fatally syncope
Related conditions in DSM-5:
 Panic attack/panic disorder
 Generalized anxiety disorder
 Agoraphobia
 Posttraumatic stress disorder
 Illness anxiety disorder.
Kufungisisa “Thinking too
much”
 Shona of Zimbabwe
 Explanation of anxiety, depression, and
somatic problems
 Involves ruminating of upsetting
thoughts
 Indicative of social and interpersonal
difficulties
Related conditions in DSM-5
 Major depressive disorder
 Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
 Generalized anxiety disorder
 Posttraumatic stress disorder
 Obsessive-compulsive disorder
 Persistent complex bereavement disorder
(further study).
Maladi moun “humanly caused
illness” or “sent sickness”
 Haitian communities
 Explanation for diverse medical and
psychiatric disorders
 Caused by interpersonal envy or malice
sent by enemies syndrome is caused by
interpersonal envy or malice sent by
enemies
Related conditions in DSM5:
 Delusional disorder, persecutory
type
 Schizophrenia with paranoid
features
Nervios “nerves”

 Latinosin the United States and


Latin America
 General state of vulnerability to
stressful life experiences and to
difficult life circumstances
Symptoms
 Headaches
 Brain aches (occipital neck tension)
 Inability to concentrate
 Trembling
 Tingling sensation
 Mareos (dizziness with occasional
vertigo-like exacerbation).
Related conditions in DSM-5
 Major depressive disorder
 Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
 Generalized anxiety disorder
 Social anxiety disorder
 Other specified or unspecified dissociative
disorder
 Somatic symptom disorder
 Schizophrenia.
Shenjing shuairuo “weakness
of the nervous system”
 Chinese
 Came after “neurasthenia” was introduced in the
country
 Includes work or family related stressors, loss of
face, and an acute sense of failure
 Resulted from bodily channels conveying vital
forces, which became dysregulated because of
various social and interpersonal stressors
Symptoms
 weakness (e.g. mental fatigue)
 emotions (e.g. feeling vexed)
 excitement (e.g. increased recollection)
 nervous pain (e.g. headache)
 sleep (e.g. insomnia)
Related conditions in DSM5:
 Major depressive disorder
 persistent depressive disorder
 generalized anxiety disorder
 somatic symptom disorder
 social anxiety disorder
 specific phobia
 posttraumatic stress disorder
Susto “fright”

 Latinos in the United States and among people in


Mexico, Central America, and South America
 Explanation for distress and misfortune
 Attributed to frightening event that causes the
soul to leave the body and results in unhappiness
and sickness, as well difficulties in functioning in
key social roles
Symptoms
 appetite disturbances,
 inadequate or excessive sleep,
 troubled sleep or dreams,
 feelings of sadness,
 low self-worth or dirtiness,
 interpersonal sensitivity and lack of motivation
to do anything.
Related conditions in DSM5:
 Major depressive disorder,
 Posttraumatic stress disorder
 Other specified or unspecified trauma
and stressor-related disorder
 Somatic symptom disorder
Taijin kyofusho
“interpersonal fear disorder”
 Japanese
 Anxiety about and avoidance of interpersonal
situation
 Inadequate or offensive to others
 Concerns on the impact of their symptoms and
behaviors on others
 Thoughts about:
 Major concerns about facial blushing,
 Having an offensive body odor,
 Inappropriate gaze,
 stiffor awkward facial expression, or
bodily movements, or
 body deformity
Related conditions in DSM5:
 Social anxiety disorder,
 Body dysmorphic disorder,
 Delusional disorder,
 Obsessive-compulsive disorder,
 Olfactory reference syndrome (type of
specified obsessive-compulsive and related
disorder).
Different Psychotherapy

 used to treat psychological disorders


 help
clients change maladaptive
behaviors or solve problems in living
 help
them develop their unique
potentials
Psychodynamic Therapy
 help the client gain insight and resolve
unconscious psychological conflicts
 Primarily used to treat
 depression
 lost meaning in their lives
 difficulty forming and maintaining personal
relationships.
 Addiction
 social anxiety disorder
 eating disorders.
Behavioral Therapy
 Changing the client’s problem behavior
through the use of learning-based techniques
 Treat:
 Depression
 Anxiety
 panic disorders
 anger issues
 Also: Eating disorder, PTSD, Bipolar disorder,
ADHD, phobias, OCD, self-harm, and substance
abuse
Humanistic Therapy
 To promote self-acceptance and personal
growth
 Treating:
 substance disorder, eating disorder, PTSD/trauma,
weight management, pain management, sexual
addiction, and gambling addiction
 it can treat depression, anxiety, panic disorders,
personality disorders, schizophrenia, and
relationship issues
Cognitive Therapy
 focuses on replacing irrational beliefs with
rational alternative belief
 help clients make adaptive behavioral changes
 therapy is useful in treating depression,
anxiety disorders, insomnia, and phobia.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

 uses cognitive and behavioral techniques to


change maladaptive behaviors and cognitions
 breakdown overwhelming problems into
smaller parts
 effective in treating OCD, panic disorder,
PTSD, phobias, eating disorder, sleep
problems, and alcohol misuse
Eclectic Therapy

 incorporates principles and techniques from


different therapeutic orientations
 Any condition that can be treated by any type
of therapy is capable of being treated with
this technique
 Best with emotional concerns that may need
multiple approaches like PTSD
Group, Family, and Couple
Therapy
 Promotes opportunities to work on problems
and receive social support from the group
 Treat: anxiety, depression, and lack of social
skills, adjustment, or other life stresses
 Focuses on improving communication and
analyzing role relationships
Breakthroughs in
Psychology
 New approach in treating anxiety and depressive
disorder
 Launch a project on genetic study in depression
(Australia)
 Vitamin D deficiency is not link to anxiety and
depression
 Exercise can help prevent depression
 PTSD (Prolonged Exposure vs Interpersonal Treatment)

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