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01 Introduction System Modeling

This document introduces system modeling using state-space and transfer function representations. It discusses that the first step in control design is to develop mathematical models of the system using physical laws or experimental data. Dynamic systems can be modeled as sets of differential equations. State-space models represent systems using matrices, while transfer functions represent systems in the frequency domain and make analysis easier. Mechanical systems can be modeled using Newton's laws and electrical systems using Kirchoff's laws. Examples are given of modeling a mass-spring-damper system and an RLC circuit.

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Ficky Saputra
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60 views

01 Introduction System Modeling

This document introduces system modeling using state-space and transfer function representations. It discusses that the first step in control design is to develop mathematical models of the system using physical laws or experimental data. Dynamic systems can be modeled as sets of differential equations. State-space models represent systems using matrices, while transfer functions represent systems in the frequency domain and make analysis easier. Mechanical systems can be modeled using Newton's laws and electrical systems using Kirchoff's laws. Examples are given of modeling a mass-spring-damper system and an RLC circuit.

Uploaded by

Ficky Saputra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction: System Modeling

The first step in the control design process is to develop appropriate mathematical models of the system to be
controlled. These models may be derived either from physical laws or experimental data. In this section, we
introduce the state-space and transfer function representations of dynamic systems. We then review some
basic approaches to modeling mechanical and electrical systems and show how to generate these models in
MATLAB for further analysis.
Dynamic Systems

Dynamic Systems, are systems that change or evolve in time according to a fixed rule. For many physical systems, this rule can be stated as a
set of first-order differential equations:
State-Space Representation
For continuous linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, the standard state-space representation is given below:
Transfer Function Representation
LTI systems have the extremely important property that if the input to the system is sinusoidal, then the output will also be sinusoidal with the same
frequency as the input, but with possibly different magnitude and phase. These magnitude and phase differences are a function of frequency and capture
what is known as the frequency response of the system.

Using the Laplace transform, it is possible to convert a system's time-domain representation into a frequency-domain input/output representation, known as
the transfer function. In so doing, it also transforms the governing differential equation into an algebraic equation which is often easier to analyze.

The Laplace transform of a time domain function, F(t) , is defined below:


Transfer Function Representation
The Laplace transform of the nth derivative of a function is particularly important

Frequency-domain methods are most often used for analyzing LTI single-input/single-
output (SISO) systems

Note that we can also determine the transfer function directly from the state-space
representation as follows:
Mechanical Systems

Newton's laws of motion form the basis for analyzing mechanical systems. Newton’s second law, Equation (11), states that the sum of the forces acting on a
body equals the product of its mass and acceleration. Newton's third law, for our purposes, states that if two bodies are in contact, then they experience the
same magnitude contact force, just acting in opposite directions

State-Space Models
Example: Mass-Spring-Damper Syste

Transfer Function Models


Electrical Systems

Like Newton’s laws for mechanical systems, Kirchoff’s circuit laws are fundamental analytical tools for modeling electrical systems. Kirchoff’s current law (KCL)
states that the sum of the electrical currents entering a node in a circuit must equal the sum of electrical currents exiting the node. Kirchoff’s voltage law (KVL)
states that the sum of voltage differences around any closed loop in a circuit is zero. When applying KVL, the source voltages are typically taken as positive and
the load voltages are taken as negative.

State-Space Models

Transfer Function Models


Take Home Test

State-Space Models ?

Transfer Function Models ?


More questions about System Modeling?

Powerd by Edwin Ramadhani

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