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No SQL

NoSQL is a non-relational approach to database design that uses various data models like key-value, document, columnar, and graph structures. It provides scalability and high performance on massive amounts of data. The main types are key-value stores, column-oriented databases, graph databases, and document stores. NoSQL databases sacrifice consistency in favor of availability and partition tolerance as stated by Brewer's CAP theorem. Their advantages include high performance, scalability, flexibility, and easy replication across commodity servers.

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Dileep Singh
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98 views

No SQL

NoSQL is a non-relational approach to database design that uses various data models like key-value, document, columnar, and graph structures. It provides scalability and high performance on massive amounts of data. The main types are key-value stores, column-oriented databases, graph databases, and document stores. NoSQL databases sacrifice consistency in favor of availability and partition tolerance as stated by Brewer's CAP theorem. Their advantages include high performance, scalability, flexibility, and easy replication across commodity servers.

Uploaded by

Dileep Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NoSQL

Submitted To : Submitted By :
Mr. Aarvender Sharma Dileep Singh
IMS (1900360149021)
CONTENT

 Introduction
 What is NoSQL
 Why NoSQL
 Feature
 Type of NoSQL
 What is the CAP theorem
 Advantage of NoSQL
INTRODUCTION
 NoSQL is an approach to database design that can accommodate a wide variety of
data models, including key-value, document, columnar and graph formats. 

 NoSQL, known as Not only SQL database, provides a mechanism for storage and
retrieval of data and is the next generation database .

 It has a  distributed architecture with MongoDB and is open source.


 
 Most of the NoSQL are open source and it has a capability of horizontal scalability
which means that commodity kind of machines could be added .
WHAT IS NoSQL
 Stands for Not Only SQL. Term was redefined by Eric Evans after Carlo Strozzi.
 Class of non-relational data storage systems.
 Do not require a fixed table schema nor do they use the concept of joins.
 Relaxation for one or more of the ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency,
Isolation, Durability) using CAP theorem.
Why NoSQL
 The concept of NoSQL databases became popular with Internet giants like Google, Facebook,
Amazon, etc. who deal with huge volumes of data.

 The system response time becomes slow when you use RDBMS for massive volumes of data.

 To resolve this problem, we could "scale up" our systems by upgrading our existing hardware.
This process is expensive.

 The alternative for this issue is to distribute database load on multiple hosts whenever the load
increases. This method is known as "scaling out."
Feature of NoSQL

Non-relational

 NoSQL databases never follow the relational model


 Never provide tables with flat fixed-column records
 Work with self-contained aggregates or BLOBs
 Doesn't require object-relational mapping and data normalization
 No complex features like query languages, query planners,referential
integrity joins, ACID
Feature Of NoSQL
 Schema-free
 NoSQL databases are either schema-free or have relaxed schemas
 Do not require any sort of definition of the schema of the data
 Offers heterogeneous structures of data in the same domain
Feature of NoSQL

Distributed

 Multiple NoSQL databases can be executed in a distributed fashion


 Offers auto-scaling and fail-over capabilities
 Often ACID concept can be sacrificed for scalability and throughput
 Mostly no synchronous replication between distributed nodes Asynchronous Multi-
Master Replication, peer-to-peer, HDFS Replication
 Only providing eventual consistency
 Shared Nothing Architecture. This enables less coordination and higher distribution.
Type of NoSQL

 Key-value Pair Based

 Column-oriented Graph.

 Graphs based.

 Document-oriented
Key Value Pair Based
 Data is stored in key/value pairs. It is designed in such a way to handle lots of data and
heavy load.
 Key-value pair storage databases store data as a hash table where each key is unique, and
the value can be a JSON, BLOB(Binary Large Objects), string, etc.
 This kind of NoSQL database is used as a collection, dictionaries, associative arrays, etc.
Key value stores help the developer to store schema-less data. They work best for shopping
cart contents.
Column-based
 Column-oriented databases work on columns and are based on BigTable paper by Google.
Every column is treated separately. Values of single column databases are stored
contiguously.
 Column-based NoSQL databases are widely used to manage data warehouses, business
intelligence, CRM, Library card catalogs,
 HBase, Cassandra, HBase, Hypertable are examples of column based database.
Graph-Based
 A graph type database stores entities as well the relations amongst those entities. The entity
is stored as a node with the relationship as edges. An edge gives a relationship between
nodes. Every node and edge has a unique identifier.
 A graph type database stores entities as well the relations amongst those entities. The entity
is stored as a node with the relationship as edges. An edge gives a relationship between
nodes. Every node and edge has a unique identifier.
 Neo4J, Infinite Graph, OrientDB, FlockDB are some popular graph-based databases.
Document-Oriented
 Document-Oriented NoSQL DB stores and retrieves data as a key value pair but the value
part is stored as a document. The document is stored in JSON or XML formats. The value
is understood by the DB and can be queried.
 The document type is mostly used for CMS systems, blogging platforms, real-time
analytics & e-commerce applications. It should not use for complex transactions which
require multiple operations or queries against varying aggregate structures.
What is the CAP theorem

 Consistency.

 Availability.

 Partition Tolerance
Consistency :

The data should remain consistent even after the execution of an


operation. This means once data is written, any future read request
should contain that data. For example, after updating the order status,
all the clients should be able to see the same data.

Availability :

The database should always be available and responsive. It should not


have any downtime.

Partition Tolerance :

Partition Tolerance means that the system should continue to function


even if the communication among the servers is not stable. For
example, the servers can be partitioned into multiple groups which may
not communicate with each other. Here, if part of the database is
unavailable, other parts are always unaffected.
Advantage of NoSQL

 Can be used as Primary or Analytic Data Source


 Big Data Capability
 No Single Point of Failure
 Easy Replication
 No Need for Separate Caching Layer
 It provides fast performance and horizontal scalability.
 Can handle structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data with equal effect
 Object-oriented programming which is easy to use and flexible
 NoSQL databases don't need a dedicated high-performance server
 Support Key Developer Languages and Platforms
Thank you

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