CIRCLE

A circle is the locus of all points in the plane

having the same fixed positive distance, called
the radius,y from a fixed point, called the
center.
r P

C(h, k)

x
 Fix a point C(h, k) in the Cartesian plane and a number r >
 

0.
CIRCLE Then from the above definition, a point P(x, y) is on the
circle whose center is at C and radius is r if and only if
PC = r
y
Which, using the Distance Formula, is equivalent to:
r P

C(h, k)
=r
x Since r > 0, we get an equivalent equation if we square both
sides of this equation.
 Theorem: Equation of a Circle in Standard
 

Form
CIRCLE An equation of a circle whose center is at
C(h, k) and radius is r > 0 is:
y
=r
r P

C(h, k)
CENTER- RADIUS FORM OR THE
x
STANDARD FORM OF THE EQUATION
OF THE CIRCLE
 There are two ways to
CIRCLE graph a circle.
y
CENTER RADIUS
r

C(h, k)
P
FORM
x
GENERAL FORM
CIRCLE CENTER RADIUS FORM
x and y --- coordinates of all circle
y
points
r P
 h and k ---- the center points
C(h, k)
 Radius --- the distance from the center
x
to the point in the circle.
 EXAMPLE 1
Find an equation of the circle with the
following conditions.
CIRCLE
1. Center is at C(2, -5) and radius is 3
y
2. Has a diameter whose endpoints are the
r P
points A(3, 4) and B(-3, 12)
C(h, k)

x
 1. Center is at C(2, -5) and radius is 3
 
a. A direct application of the
CIRCLE theorem shows that an equation
of this circle is:
y
=r
r P

C(h, k) =9
x
 2. Has a diameter whose endpoints are the
points A(3, 4) and B(-3, 12)
 
a. Find the center and the radius of the circle.
CIRCLE  AB is a diameter,
 AB is the radius
 Midpoint Formula, the coordinates of the center should
y be
(, = (0, 8)
r P
 Distance Formula, = r
C(h, k)
= =5
x Thus, the equation of the circle is x2 + (y – 8)2 = 25
  
1. Find an equation is at C(-10, 0) and passes through
A(-6, 3)
CIRCLE a. find the center and
b. radius
 Distance Formula, = r
y
= =5
r P

C(h, k) c. equation
=r
x
=5
= 25
 GENERAL FORM
CIRCLE If you expand the equation in the
 

theorem and bring all terms to one side

y
of the equation, what you obtain is called
the general of the equation of a circle:
r P

C(h, k) + Dx + Ey + F = 0
x
 PARABOLAS
A parabola is the locus of all points in the
plane whose distances from a fixed point
y
F and a fixed line l (not passing through
F) are the same.
Vertex – between the focus and directrix
c

x
Focus – the fixed point
y = -c Directrix – the fixed line
 PARABOLAS
y

Vertex – between the focus and

directrix
Focus – the fixed point
F Directrix – the fixed line
V x
Axis of symmetry – line that
D passes through the focus and
perpendictular to the directrix
 THEOREM: EQUATION OF A VERTICAL OR
HORIZONTAL PARABOLA WITH VERTEX
AT THE ORIGIN
y

An equation of a parabola having

1. focus at F(0, c) and directrix the
line y = - c is x2 = 4cy
F

V x
2. focus at F(c, 0) and directrix the
D line
x = - c is y2 = 4cx
 Example 2
Find an equation of the parabola:
1. With focus at (0, 2) and directrix y = -2
c=2
x2 = 4cy
= 4(2)y
= 8y
 Example 2
Find an equation of the parabola:
1. With focus at (-1, 0) and directrix x = 1
y2 = 4cx
= 4(-1)x
= -4x
 THEOREM: EQUATION OF A VERTICAL OR
HORIZONTAL PARABOLA WITH VERTEX
AT THE ORIGIN
y
An equation of a parabola having
1. focus at F(0, c) and directrix the
line y = - c is x2 = 4cy
F

V
2. focus at F(c, 0) and directrix the
D
x
line
x = -c is y2 = 4cx
 1. With focus at (0, 2) and directrix y = -2
Solution: x2 = 4(2)y
with c = 2, an equation of this parabola is x2 = 8y
2. With focus at (-1, 0) and directrix x = 1
Solution: y2 = 4(-1)x
with c = -1, an equation of this parabola is y2 = -4x