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Computer Organization 2: Lab Tutorial 3 Chapter

This document discusses different methods of data representation in computing including complements, fixed-point representation, and floating-point representation. It covers the basics of 2's complement representation and describes 32-bit and IEEE single and double precision floating point formats. The document provides examples of expressing values in simplified 14-bit and IEEE floating point models and calculating the sum of two values using a 14-bit model. It concludes with a brief mention of error detection codes.

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amir nabil
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92 views30 pages

Computer Organization 2: Lab Tutorial 3 Chapter

This document discusses different methods of data representation in computing including complements, fixed-point representation, and floating-point representation. It covers the basics of 2's complement representation and describes 32-bit and IEEE single and double precision floating point formats. The document provides examples of expressing values in simplified 14-bit and IEEE floating point models and calculating the sum of two values using a 14-bit model. It concludes with a brief mention of error detection codes.

Uploaded by

amir nabil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER

EL-SAYED ABDEL-RAHMAN
[email protected]
Aya magdy
ORGANIZATION 2
Lab tutorial 3
[email protected]

Chapter (3)
Agenda Chapter (3) Data Representation

 Complements
 Fixed-Point Representation
 Floating-Point Representation
 Error Detection Codes
3-2 Complements
3-2 Complements
3-3 Fixed-Point Representation
3-3 Fixed-Point Representation
3-3 Fixed-Point Representation
 32-bit floating point format.
 Leftmost bit = sign bit (0 positive or 1 negative).
 Exponent in the next 8 bits. Use a biased representation.
 Final portion of word (23 bits in this example) is the
significand (sometimes called mantissa).

13
3-3 Fixed-Point Representation
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
3-4 Floating-Point Representation

 We introduce a hypothetical “Simple Model” to


explain the concepts
 In this model:
 A floating-point number is 14 bits in length
 The exponent field is 5 bits
 The significand field is 8 bits

16
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
 Example:
 Express 3210 in the simplified 14-bit floating-point
model.
 We know that 32 is 25. So in (binary) scientific
notation 32 = 1.0 x 25 = 0.1 x 26.
 In a moment, we’ll explain why we prefer the
second notation versus the first.
 Using this information, we put 110 (= 610) in the
exponent field and 1 in the significand as shown.

17
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
 Example:
 Express 3210 in the revised 14-bit floating-point
model.
 We know that 32 = 1.0 x 25 = 0.1 x 26.
 To use our excess 16 biased exponent, we add 16 to
6, giving 2210 (=101102).
 So we have:

18
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
 Example:
 Express 0.062510 in the revised 14-bit floating-
point model.
 We know that 0.0625 is 2-4. So in (binary) scientific
notation 0.0625 = 1.0 x 2-4 = 0.1 x 2 -3.
 To use our excess 16 biased exponent, we add 16 to
-3, giving 1310 (=011012).

19
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
 Example:
 Express -26.62510 in the revised 14-bit floating-
point model.
 We find 26.62510 = 11010.1012. Normalizing, we
have: 26.62510 = 0.11010101 x 2 5.
 To use our excess 16 biased exponent, we add 16 to
5, giving 2110 (=101012). We also need a 1 in the sign
bit.

20
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
 The IEEE has established a standard for
floating-point numbers
 The IEEE-754 single precision floating point
standard uses an 8-bit exponent (with a bias of
127) and a 23-bit significand.
 The IEEE-754 double precision standard uses
an 11-bit exponent (with a bias of 1023) and a
52-bit significand.

21
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
 Example: Express -3.75 as a floating point number
using IEEE single precision.
 First, let’s normalize according to IEEE rules:
 3.75 = -11.112 = -1.111 x 21
 The bias is 127, so we add 127 + 1 = 128 (this is our
exponent)
 The first 1 in the significand is implied, so we have:

(implied)

 Since we have an implied 1 in the significand, this equates


to
-(1).1112 x 2 (128 – 127) = -1.1112 x 21 = -11.112 = -3.75.

22
3-4 Floating-Point Representation
 Example:
 Find the sum of 1210 and 1.2510 using the 14-bit
“simple” floating-point model.
 We find 1210 = 0.1100 x 2 4. And 1.2510 = 0.101 x 2 1 =

0.000101 x 2 4.
• Thus, our sum is
0.110101 x 2 4.

23
3-6 Error Detection Codes
3-6 Error Detection Codes
Thanks

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