Scribd
Upload
173 views23 pages

Impact of Shipping To Marine Environment

Shipping operations impact the marine environment in several ways: (1) They produce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to climate change. Mitigation strategies include speed reductions, upgrades to hulls and engines, use of cleaner fuels. (2) Vessels emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) that cause acidification and health issues. Mitigation includes water injection, scrubbers, and low-sulfur fuels. (3) Accidental spills and leaks from vessels directly harm wildlife and habitats. Mitigation focuses on ship design, maintenance, equipment, and response capabilities.

Uploaded by

John Weak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
173 views23 pages

Impact of Shipping To Marine Environment

Shipping operations impact the marine environment in several ways: (1) They produce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to climate change. Mitigation strategies include speed reductions, upgrades to hulls and engines, use of cleaner fuels. (2) Vessels emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) that cause acidification and health issues. Mitigation includes water injection, scrubbers, and low-sulfur fuels. (3) Accidental spills and leaks from vessels directly harm wildlife and habitats. Mitigation focuses on ship design, maintenance, equipment, and response capabilities.

Uploaded by

John Weak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

IMPACT OF SHIPPING

OPERATIONS TO THE
MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Current Environmental Issues – against
the 3 pillars
Why care?
• Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods.
• Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at $3 trillion
per year or about 5 per cent of global GDP.
• Oceans contain nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions.
• Oceans absorb about 30 per cent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts
of global warming.
• Oceans serve as the world’s largest source of protein, with more than 2.6 billion people depending
on the oceans as their primary source of protein.
• Marine fisheries directly or indirectly employ over 200 million people.
• Subsidies for fishing are contributing to the rapid depletion of many fish species and are
preventing efforts to save and restore global fisheries and related jobs, causing ocean fisheries to
generate US$ 50 billion less per year than they could.
• As much as 40 per cent of the world oceans are heavily affected by human activities,
including pollution, depleted fisheries, and loss of coastal habitats.
Climate Change – The Big Issue
GHG emissions from shipping
GHG Emissions

GHG
Protection of
emissions Costs to
people from
responsible shippers to
impacts of
for comply with
climate
climate legislation
change
change
GHG – mitigation
• Speed reduction by ships • Water flow optimisation
• Speed reduction due to port • Propeller upgrades
efficiency • Hull cleaning
• Shore side power/cold ironing • Air lubrication
• Carbon credits/Other • Waste heat reduction
market based measures • Main engine retrofits
• Improved anti-foulings • High efficiency lighting
• Alternative power sources
(renewable such as
• Optimal routing
wind, kites, solar) • Tuning/Process improvement
• Alternative fuels such as LNG, on energy production
biofuel • Smart technology for
• Propeller polishing fluid handling
applications
• Autopilot upgrades
NOx and SOx emissions

Harmful Cost of
Adverse
acidification health
respiratory
and nutrient care &
and
enhancement Cost to
cardiovascula
r effects shipping
NOx and SOx mitigation
• Water Injection
• Selective catalytic reduction
• Low Sulphur fuel/marine distillites
• Scrubbers
• Alternative power sources (renewable such
as wind, kites, solar)
• Alternative fuels such as LNG, biofuel
• Shore side power/cold ironing
• Exhaust gas recirculation
Spills & Leaks

Damage to Clean up
Direct impact livelihoods costs
to wildlife and and impact on Loss of
habitats food chain livelihoo
d
Mitigating spills and leaks
• Ship design
• Maintenance & Owner responsibility
• Competence
• Navigational aids & Onboard equipment
• Surveillance
• Inspections
• Reception facilities
• Cargo owner & consumer responsibility
Invasive Species

Lower Cost of
Human health invasive
biodiversity
issues and species/cos
and an
loss of t of BWM
unhealthy
livelihoods /Antifouling
ecosystem
Mitigation of invasive species
• Legal instruments and financial penalties
• Ballast Water Management
• Ballast Water Treatment
• Ballast Water Exchange
• Antifouling coatings
• Cleaning intervals
• Propeller cleaning
• Good maintenence
Waste Management

Direct harm to Clean up


Direct impact beach goers costs
to wildlife via & swimmers Loss of
entrapment & plus loss of livelihoo
injestion livelihood d
Mitigating Garbage
• Reducing the use of disposable consumer products (e.g. plastic
bags)
• Incentivising the reuse of plastic and other containers
through deposit schemes and reverse vending.
• Extended producer responsibility
• Better waste disposal facilities in coastal municipalities and at
beaches
• Beach clean-ups
• Educational programs and promotional activities on marine
litter
• Improved waste water treatment to prevent microplastics and
other
sewage related debris entering the sea from sewage outlets
• A more harmonized port reception facilities regime and discharge
of water at port facilities
• Increased enforcement and higher fines for littering,both at sea
and on land
• Measures to prevent loss of containers on ships and safer waste
transportation
Sewage

Risk to public Health


O2 depletion
health for costs
leading to
swimmers & Loss of
death of
eating livelihood
aquatic animals
contaminate Cost of
and plants
d seafood equipment
Mitigating Sewage
• a sewage treatment plant
• a sewage comminuting and disinfecting system, with facilities
for temporary storage of sewage
• a holding tank for the retention of sewage which has sufficient
capacity and has a visual indicator of the amount of its
contents
• Sewage that has been treated can be discharged anywhere
at
sea.
• Sewage that has been comminuted and disinfected can be
discharged a minimum of three miles from the nearest land.
Untreated sewage must be discharged no less than 12
nautical miles from the nearest land.
• In all the above cases the vessel must be proceeding at not
less than 4 knots when making the discharge.
Underwater Noise

Impacts on Loss of
marine life in keyston Cost of
particular e quieting
mammals who marine measures
depend on species
sound
Mitigating Underwater Noise
• Design considerations
– Propeller design
– Hull design
• On board machinery
– Engine design
• Operational
– Speed
– Hull & propeller cleaning
– Routing to avoid mammals
– Marine mammal observers
FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHALLENGES
• Depletion of Fish Stocks
• Radioactive material
• Ocean Acidification
• Exploitation of Marine Genetic Resources
• Marine mining
• Coral Reef management
• Emissions of Black Carbon
• Nutrient over enrichment
• Exploration in harsher environments
• Decommissioning
Sustainability will drive
innovation and innovation will
drive sustainability
THANK YOU

You might also like