Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering

Mechanics

Class 2
Concurrent Force System
(Resultants)

Prof. Praveen Biradar

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Composition of Forces
It is the process of combining a number of forces into a single force such that the
net effect produced by the single force is equal to the algebraic sum of the
effects produced by the individual forces. The single force in this case is called
the resultant force which produces the same effect on the body as that
produced by the individual forces acting together.
OR The process of determining the resultant force of a given force system is
known as Composition of forces.
Resultant Force:
Whenever a number of forces are acting on a body, it is possible to find a single
force, which can produce the same effect as that produced by the given forces
acting together. Such a single force is called as resultant force or resultant.

R can be called as the

resultant of the given forces
F1, F2 and F3.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Graphical Methods
1. Triangle Law
2. Polygon Law
Triangle law: If two forces acting simultaneously on Q
a particle can be represented both in
magnitude and direction by the two sides of a R
triangle taken in order, then the magnitude and Q
direction of the resultant can be represented by the
third side of a triangle, taken in opposite order.
P P

Polygon law: If a number of forces acting on F1 F2

a particle can be represented in both F1
magnitude and direction by the sides of the o F2 F3
polygon taken in order, then the resultant can R
be represented in magnitude and direction by F4
the closing side of the polygon taken in the F4
opposite order. F3

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Analytical Methods
1. Method of resolution of forces
 
If the number of forces is more than two or more than two, then its resultant can be
found out conveniently by the method of resolution
1. Find Rx =  Fx i.e resolve all forces horizontally
2. Find Ry =  Fy i.e resolve all forces vertically.
3.Find Resultant R
Magnitude of R = )
.4.Find 
Tan  = =

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Analytical Methods
2. Law of Parallelogram of forces
Statement : It two forces are represented in magnitude and direction by
two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, their resultant is represented in
magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram drawn from
their common point.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Proof

Qsin
Qcos

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Basics before solving problems

The positive and negative convention of forces used in the resolution of

forces
+y
II I
-,+ +,+
-x +x
III IV
-,- +,-

-y

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Determine the x and y components of the forces shown below in Fig

F2=50 kN

50sin45
58sin30
F2=50 kN F1=58 kN
F1=58 kN

450 450
45*5/12 300
30 0

5 50cos455 F4=40 kN
58cos30
F4=40 kN

45*12/5
12
12

F3=45 kN
F3=45 kN

   Fx
+58cos30 -50cos45 -45*5/12 +40

   Fy
+58sin30 +50sin45 -45*12/5 +0
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Determine the x and y components of the forces shown below in Fig

F1x = + 58 cos300 = + 50.23 kN

F2=50 kN
F1=58 kN F1y = + 58 sin300 = + 29 kN

F2x = - 50 cos450 = - 35.36 kN

450 300 F2y = + 50 sin450 = + 35.36 kN
5 F4=40 kN
12
F3x = - 45 (5/13) = - 17.31 kN
F3y = - 45 (12/13) = - 41.54 kN
F3=45 kN
F4x = + 40kN
F4y = 0 kN
Hyp= 52+122 = 13
Cos  = 5/13 OR Tan  = 5/12 i.e  = 22.610
Sin  = 12/13

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Concept of solving problems

60 kN
Force X-component Y-component
40 kN + 40 cos 40 + 40 sin 40
30 0 40 kN
60 kN + 60 sin 30 + 60 cos 30
400 Note: All force are in First quadrant

60 kN 60 kN

300 40 kN 300 Note: 60 kN in first quadrant and

40 kN is in third quadrant
400
=
400
Force X-component Y-component
40 kN 40 kN - 40 cos 40 - 40 sin 40
60 kN + 60 sin 30 + 60 cos 30

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Concept of solving problems

Force X-component Y-component

60 kN 60 kN 60 kN - 60 sin 20 + 60 cos 20
1100 200
Angle = 110-90 = 20

5
60 kN Method 1 3 Hyp= 32+42 = 5

Cos  = Adj/Hyp=4/5 4
3 Sin  = Opp/Hyp=3/5 Force X-component Y-component

4 60 kN + 60 X (4/5) + 60 X (3/5)
Method 2
Tan  = Opp/Adj=3/4 Force X-component Y-component
 = Tan-1(3/4) = 36.860 60 kN + 60 Cos36.86 + 60 Sin36.86

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 20 kN
Determine magnitude and direction 15 kN
of Resultant force for the system of 600
forces as shown figure 300
3
4

8 kN 20 kN

44.270

R=12.75kN
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
A bracket is being pulled by 3 forces as shown. Determine the angle  and the
magnitude of force P if the resultant’s direction is along the y-axis and its
magnitude is 20 kN.
Since the resultant’s direction is along the y-axis.
y 10 kN
i.e Fx = Rx = 0 (No Rx component)
0
P kN 60
and Fy = Ry = 20 kN ( R must be = Ry)
a
8 kN x Fx = Rx = 0
(10)(cos 60o) + (8) – (P)(cos ) = 0
P cos  = 13
and Fy = Ry = 20 kN
(10)(sin 60o) + (P)(sin ) = 20
P sin  = 11.34
P sin / P cos  = (11.34 / 13) i.e. tan  = 11.34 / 13 = 0.8723
 = 41.1 0
To find magnitude of P, substitute  = 41.1 0
P cos  = 13, P = 13 / cos  = 17.25 (P = 17.25 kN)
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Four forces acting on a hook are shown in figure. Determine the direction of the force
150N such that the hook is pulled in the x-direction. Determine the resultant force in
the x-direction.
60kN Since the resultant’s direction
100kN is along the x-axis.
300 i.e Fx = Rx = R
300 150kN
and Fy = Ry = 0

450

80kN

Fy = Ry = 0
-80 sin450 + 60 sin600 + 100 sin300 + 150 sin  = 0 i.e 150 sin  = 45.39

 
Fx = Rx = R
80 cos450 + 60 cos600 + 100 cos300 + 150 cos 17.610 = R
R = 316.14 N

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Determine the resultant force acting on the structure at point O both in magnitude and
direction

800 N
O
40.890

600 N

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Determine the resultant force acting on the structure at point O both in magnitude and
direction

800 N
O
40.890

600 N

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
A force of 200N is acting on a block as shown in figure. Find the component of force along the
horizontal and vertical axis.
Fy
y 200N y 200N

300 300

x x
Fx

300 300

Angle made by force w.r.t horizontal is 600

Fx = -200 cos 60 = -100 N
Fy = -200 sin 60 = -173.2 N

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
A block of weight 200N is kept on the inclined plane and is fixed to the plane. Find the
component of weight in the direction along the plane and perpendicular to the plane as shown
in figure
y y
x x

200sin300
200cos300
300 300 300
200N 200N

Fx =-200 sin 30 = -100 N Fy =-200 cos 30 = -173.1 N

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
 Find the resultant for the concurrent forces shown in figure
11 N
Calcualte angles from geometry(w.r.t horizontal)
 = tan-1(opp/adj)
100 10 N
Force Opp adj 
100
8 200 200 450
100 9N 9 100 300 18.430
8N 10 200 300 33.690
100
11 200 100 63.430
100 100 100 100 100

Fx = -8cos45-9cos18.43+10cos33.69-11cos63.43 = -10.795 N

Fy = -8sin45+9sin18.43+10sin33.69+11sin63.43 = 12.574N
R = (Fx )2 + (Fy )2 R = 16.572 N
R = 16.572 N
49.350
 = tan-1(12.574/10.795) = 49.35 0

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Forces 7kN, 10kN, 10 kN and 3 kN respectively act at one
of the angular point of regular pentagon towards the
other four point taken in order. Find their resultant
completely C
3 kN 10
kN
D B 10
720 kN
10 kN
 720 360
3 kN 
10 kN O
 7 kN
O 7 kN A

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
3 kN 10
kN
10
720 kN

720 360
O
7 kN

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Thankyou

PRAVEEN BIRADAR