TOPIC 1

INTRODUCTION TO
MANAGEMENT
LEARNING OUTCOMES

 After studying this topic, you should be able to :

1. Explain the concept of management and process of management;

2. Understand the importance of management;
3. Identify the management skills;
4. Explain the roles of public manager and
5. Understand the levels of management in Malaysian public sector.
1.1 Definition of Management
 MANAGEMENT defined as :

“The Art of Getting Things Done Through Other People”

– Marry Parker Follet

“ The process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the efforts of an organization members and of using all other
organizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals.”
– Stoner

“ The process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling that encompasses human, material, financial and information
resources in an organizational environment.”
– Holt

A Broader Definition
 The process of administering and coordinating resources effectively, efficiently, and in an effort to achieve the goals of the
organization.
1.1.1Effectiveness versus Efficiency

 Effectiveness
 Achieved when the organization pursues appropriate goals.
 This means “doing the right things.”
 Efficiency
 Achieved by using the fewest inputs (e.g., people and money) to generate a given
output.
 This means “doing things right.”
 The end result of effective and efficient management is organizational
success.
1.1.2 The Organization

 An Organization
 A group of individuals who work together toward common goals.
 What do all organizations have in common?
 They are composed of people whose efforts must be coordinated if the organization
is to accomplish its goals.
1.2 Importance of Management
To understand the skills, challenges, expected problems, etc. for future use in our career.
Help us to become effective manager. To achieve high level of performance through better utilization of human and
material resources.
To equip us with effective management theories and practices.
Learn to detect problems and solve them (good decisions).
Enable to access future and make plan for it (good planner).
Awareness of responsibilities and are accountable.
For our own consumption.
Universal applicability
The basic functions that managers perform, the roles that managers play, and the skills that managers use are
universal.
Organizational need
The basic functions—planning, organizing, leading, and controlling—are required in every public
agencies/department.
1.3 The Management Process
1.3 The Management Process
 Planning
 Setting goals and defining the actions necessary to achieve those goals.
 Organizing
 The process of determining the tasks to be done, who will do them, and how those
tasks will be managed and coordinated.
 Leading –
 Leadership
 The capacity to direct and motivate the members of work groups toward the
accomplishment of organizational goals.
 Leadership Skills:
 Understanding individual/group behavior dynamics
 Having the ability to motivate employees
 Being an effective communicator
 Being able to envision future and share that vision
1.3 The Management Process

 Controlling
 Monitoring the performance of the organization and its progress in implementing
strategic and operational plans.
 Identifying deviations between planned and actual results.
 Taking corrective action
 Ensuring that the organization is moving toward the achievement of its goal
1.4 Management skills
 Technical Skills
 The ability to utilize the knowledge of tools, techniques, and procedures that are
specific to a particular field.
 Human Skills
 The ability to work effectively with one’s own work group as well as others within
the organization.
 Conceptual Skills
 The ability to process information about the internal/external environment of the
organization and determine its implications.
1.4 Management skills
1.4.1 Types of Managers
 Functional Manager / Head of Department
 A manager who is responsible for managing a work unit that is grouped based on
the function served.
 General Manager / Director of government agencies
 A manager who is responsible for managing several different departments that are
responsible for different tasks.
 First-line manager / Officers
 The manager who supervises the operational employees.
1.5 Roles of public managers

Managers

Managers are the people who plan, organize, lead, and

control the activities of the organization so that its goals
can be achieved.
Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles – (explain roles of public managers
based on mintzberg’s theory, please give examples in public
sector)
1.5 Roles of public managers

 Interpersonal Roles
 The manager’s responsibility for managing relationships with organizational
members and other constituents:
 Figurehead
 Leader
 Liaison
1.5 Roles of public managers

 Informational Roles
 The manager’s responsibility for gathering and disseminating information to the
stakeholders of the organization:
 Monitor
 Disseminator
 Spokesperson
1.5 Roles of public managers

 Decisional Roles
 The manager’s responsibility for processing information and reaching conclusions:
 Entrepreneur
 Disturbance handler
 Resource allocator
 Negotiator
1.6 Levels of Management
1.6 Levels of Management

 Top Managers
 The relatively small group of executives who manage the
organization’s overall goals, strategy, and operating policies.
 Middle Managers
 Largest group of managers in organizations who are primarily
responsible for implementing the policies and plans of top
managers. They supervise and coordinate the activities of lower-
level managers.
 First-Line Managers
 Managerswho supervise and coordinate the activities of operating
employees.
Example of levels of management in Malaysia
(MAMPU)

Adopted from http://www.mampu.gov.my/ms/info-korporat/struktur-organisasi

End of Topic 1

By Jeniwaty Mohd Jody, UiTMNS 2018