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For Loops

The for loop allows code to execute a specific number of times. It has three main parts: initialization, test, and update. The initialization happens once before the loop starts. The test expression controls when the loop ends. The update expression runs at the end of each iteration. For loops are pretest loops, meaning the test runs before the loop body. The for loop provides a structured way to perform count-controlled loops in Java.

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Judith Nelson
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40 views

For Loops

The for loop allows code to execute a specific number of times. It has three main parts: initialization, test, and update. The initialization happens once before the loop starts. The test expression controls when the loop ends. The update expression runs at the end of each iteration. For loops are pretest loops, meaning the test runs before the loop body. The for loop provides a structured way to perform count-controlled loops in Java.

Uploaded by

Judith Nelson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE FOR LOOP

DSI
Review
• General Form of a switch statement:

switch (SwitchExpression) {
case CaseExpression1:
//One or more statements
break;
case CaseExpression2:
//One or more statements
break;
default:
//One or more statements
}
• CaseExpressions must be of type…
•
char, byte, short, or int.
Review
• A loop is…
• a control structure that causes a statement or group of statements to
repeat.
• Two looping structures talked about so far…
• while Loop
• do-while Loop

• The difference between the two…


• while Loop is pretest
• do-while Loop posttest
The for Loop
• You can do any kind of looping with what we learned up to this point.
• For instance, how can we make a do-while loop without the do-while
looping structure?
• while and do-while are conditionally-controlled loops.
• A Conditionally-Controlled Loop executes as long as a particular condition
exists.
• However, sometimes you know exactly how many iterations a loop
must perform.
• A loop that repeats a specific number of times is called a count-controlled
loop.
• For example, you may ask for information about the 12 months about a
year.
• You can turn conditionally controlled loops into count-controlled loops, but
Java provides a structure specifically for this called the for loop.
The for Loop
• The for loop has three elements:
1. It must initialize a control variable to a starting value.
2. It must test the control variable to see when the loop terminates.
3. It must update the control variable during each iteration.
• General Form of a for loop:

for(Initialization; Test; Update)


Statement or Block
• Initialization – an initialization expression that happens once when the loop is
first reached.
• Normally used to initialize the control variable
• Test – boolean expression known as the test expression that controls the execution of
the loop.
• As long as this is true, the loop with iterate again
• Note: the for loop is a pretest loop
• Update – expression known as the update expression that executes at the end of every
iteration
• Usually used to change the control variable.
for Loop Flowchart
Initialization
Expression

Test True Statement or Update


Expression Block Expression

False
The for Loop
for(int count = 0; count < 5; count++)
System.out.println("Hello!");
• This will print “Hello!” 5 times.
• First, count is initialized to 0.
• count is often called a counter variable because it keeps count of the number of
iterations.
• Then, count < 5 is tested.
• It is true so the body is executed.
• Then, count is incremented.
• This happens 5 times until count = 5 which makes count < 5 false.
• Note that count is declared inside of the loop header, this makes it have
block-level scope in the loop.
• This implies that it can be used in the body of the loop.
• The counter variable can be declared outside of the header.
The for Loop Notes
• Remember: the for loop is a pretest loop.
• Use the update expression to modify the control variable, not a statement in
the body of the loop (unless there is no way to avoid it)
• You can use any statement as the update expression:
• count--
• count += 2

• You can declare the loop control variable outside of the loop header, and it’s
scope will not be limited to the loop.
int count;
for(count= 0; count < 5; count++)
System.out.println("Hello!");
count = 99;
User-Controlled for Loop
• Sometimes, you may want the user to determine how many times
the loop should iterate.
• Example: UserControlledForLoop.java

• https://repl.it/@DSIcogc/UserControlledForLoop#Main.java
break and continue
• Java provides two keywords that can be used to modify the normal
iteration of a loop:
• break – when encountered in a loop, the loop stops and the program
execution jumps to the statement immediately following the loop.
• continue – when encountered in a loop, the current iteration of the
loop stops immediately.
• Example: BreakAndContinue.java

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