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Digital Data, Analog Signal

The document discusses different digital modulation techniques used to transmit digital data over analog signals. It describes how amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK) encode digital data by varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal. It provides examples of how each technique is used and their pros and cons in terms of bandwidth, noise susceptibility, and data transmission speeds.

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Manan Abdul
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25 views

Digital Data, Analog Signal

The document discusses different digital modulation techniques used to transmit digital data over analog signals. It describes how amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK) encode digital data by varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal. It provides examples of how each technique is used and their pros and cons in terms of bandwidth, noise susceptibility, and data transmission speeds.

Uploaded by

Manan Abdul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Data, Analog Signal

 Main use is public telephone system


 has freq. range of 300Hz to 3400Hz
 use modem (modulator-demodulator)

 Encoding techniques
 Amplitude shift keying (ASK)
 Frequency shift keying (FSK)
 Phase shift keying (PK)
Modulation Techniques
Amplitude Shift Keying
 Encode 0/1 by different carrier amplitudes
 usually have one amplitude zero
 Susceptible to sudden gain changes; inefficient
 Used for:
 up to 1200bps on voice grade lines
 very high speeds over optical fiber
Binary Frequency Shift Keying
 Most common is binary FSK (BFSK)
 Two binary values represented by two different
frequencies (near carrier)
 Less susceptible to error than ASK
 Used for
 up to 1200bps on voice grade lines
 high frequency radio
 even higher frequency on LANs using co-axial cable
Multiple FSK
 Each signalling element represents more than
one bit.
 More than two frequencies used.
 More bandwidth efficient.
 More prone to error.
 Each output signal element is held for a period
of Ts = LT seconds, where T is the bit period
(data rate = 1/T).
 Thus, one signal element, which is a constant-
frequency tone, encodes L bits.
Multiple FSK (Contd.)
si(t) = A cos 2∏fi (t), 1≤i≤M
where,
fi = fc + (2i – 1 – M) fd
fc = carrier freq., fd = difference freq.
L = no. of bits per signal element
M = no. of different signal elements = 2L

The total bandwidth required is 2Mfd.


It can be shown that the minimum frequency
separation required is 2fd = 1/Ts.
Therefore, the modulator requires a bandwidth of
Wd = 2Mfd = M/Ts
Multiple FSK (Contd.)
Problem
With fc = 250 KHz, fd = 25 KHz, M = 8 bits,
find out all the frequencies.
Solution
Multiple FSK (Contd.)
Phase Shift Keying
 Phase of carrier signal is shifted to
represent data
 Binary PSK
 two phases represent two binary digits
 Differential PSK
 phase shifted relative to previous transmission
rather than some reference signal
Performance of Digital to
Analog Modulation Schemes
 Bandwidth
 ASK/PSK bandwidth directly relates to bit rate
 multilevel PSK gives significant improvements
 In presence of noise:
 bit error rate of PSK and QPSK are about 3dB
superior to ASK and FSK
 for MFSK & MPSK have tradeoff between
bandwidth efficiency and error performance

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