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Computer Network - Topic 8

This document provides an overview of IPv6 including its key features and deployment methods. It discusses IPv6's larger address space, stateless autoconfiguration, improved security with mandatory IPsec, and mobility support. The document also covers IPv6 deployment through dual-stack networks, IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling, and NAT-PT. It explains IPv6 address allocation including global unicast, link-local, unique local, and multicast address ranges. IPv6 address autoconfiguration and the conversion between MAC addresses and IPv6 addresses are also summarized.

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34 views

Computer Network - Topic 8

This document provides an overview of IPv6 including its key features and deployment methods. It discusses IPv6's larger address space, stateless autoconfiguration, improved security with mandatory IPsec, and mobility support. The document also covers IPv6 deployment through dual-stack networks, IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling, and NAT-PT. It explains IPv6 address allocation including global unicast, link-local, unique local, and multicast address ranges. IPv6 address autoconfiguration and the conversion between MAC addresses and IPv6 addresses are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Dutchman Cool
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Networks
L. Budi Handoko, M.Kom. ([email protected])
Dian Nuswantoro University
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv4 Compare To IPv6)
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6)
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 - Features)

• Larger Address Space


• Aggregation-based address hierarchy
– Efficient backbone routing
• Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
• Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
• Security (IPsec mandatory)
• Mobility
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 - Deployment)
• Dual-stack backbone
Both version is used on the network and the application will select the correct address based on
the type of IP traffic and particular requirements of the communication.
• IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling
Encapsulating IPv6 traffic within IPv4 packets, to be sent over an IPv4 backbone.
• NAT-PT (Network Address Translation and Protocol Translation)
Deprecated due to numerous problems.
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 – Stateless Autoconfiguration)

• Assign IP Address automaticaly without need of DHCP Server present


• Get the address from ICMPv6 and Neighbor Discovery Protocol
• Use MAC Address as the basis of IPv6 addressing
• Using Modified EUI-64 (Convert EUI-48 from MAC into EUI-64 for IPv6)
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 – Convert EUI-48 to EUI-64)

• Reference from IEEE (RFC 2373)

• Conver 48-bit MAC into 64-bit MAC by


inserting FF FE in the middle of MAC
Address

• Invert the universal/local (U/L) flag (bit


7) in the OUI portion of the address
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 – Modified EUI-64)
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 – Address Space)

IP IP
Allocation Reference Allocation Reference
Prefix Prefix
0000::/8 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 A000::/3 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291

0100::/8 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 C000::/3 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291

0200::/7 Reserved by IETF RFC 4048 E000::/4 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291

0400::/6 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 F000::/5 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291

0800::/5 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 F800::/6 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291

1000::/4 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 FC00::/7 Unique Local Unicast RFC 4193

2000::/3 Global Unicast RFC 4291 FE00::/9 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291

4000::/3 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 FE80::/10 Link Local Unicast RFC 4291

6000::/3 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 FEC0::/10 Reserved by IETF RFC 3879

8000::/3 Reserved by IETF RFC 4291 FF00::/8 Multicast RFC 4291


Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 – Allocation)
• 2000::/3 — Only one eighth of the total address space is currently allocated for use on the Internet.
• ::/128 — The address with all zero bits is called the unspecified address (corresponding to 0.0.0.0/32 in
IPv4)
• ::/0 — The default unicast route (default route) address (corresponding to 0.0.0.0/0 in IPv4)
• ::1/128 — The loopback address is a unicast localhost address. If an application in a host sends packets
to this address, the IPv6 stack will loop these packets back on the same virtual interface (corresponding
to 127.0.0.0/8 in IPv4)
• fe80::/10 — Addresses in the link-local prefix are only valid and unique on a single link. Within this
prefix only one subnet is allocated (54 zero bits), yielding an effective format of fe80::/64. The least
significant 64 bits are usually chosen as the interface hardware address constructed in modified EUI-64
format. A link-local address is required on every IPv6-enabled interface, in other words, applications
may rely on the existence of a link-local address even when there is no IPv6 routing. These addresses
are comparable to the auto-configuration addresses 169.254.0.0/16 of IPv4.
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 – Allocation Continues)

• fc00::/7 — Unique local addresses (ULAs) are intended for local communication. They are routable only
within a set of cooperating sites (analogous to the private address ranges 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and
192.168.0.0/16 of IPv4)
• Transition from IPv4
• ::ffff:0:0/96 — This prefix designated an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. With a few exceptions, this address type
allows the transparent use of the Transport Layer protocols over IPv4 through the IPv6 networking application
programming interface
• ::ffff:0:0:0/96 — A prefix used for IPv4-translated addresses which are used by the Stateless IP/ICMP Translation
(SIIT) protocol
• 64:ff9b::/96 — The "Well-Known" Prefix. Addresses with this prefix are used for automatic IPv4/IPv6 translation
• 2002::/16 — This prefix is used for 6to4 addressing. Here, an address from the IPv4 network 192.88.99.0/24 is
also used
Introduction to Computer Networks
(IPv6 – Allocation Continues)
• Special-purpose addresses
• 2001::/32 — Used for Teredo tunneling (which also falls into the category of IPv6 transition mechanisms)
• 2001:2::/48 — Assigned to the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) for benchmarking IPv6
(corresponding to 198.18.0.0/15 for benchmarking IPv4)
• 2001:10::/28 — ORCHID (Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers)
• 2001:db8::/32 — This prefix is used in documentation. The addresses should be used anywhere an
example IPv6 address is given or model networking scenarios are described (corresponding to
192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, and 203.0.113.0/24 in IPv4)
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