Violence against

Women and
Children

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
What is happening right now?

 Globally, at least one in three women and girls had

been beaten or sexually abused in her lifetime.
(UN Commission on the Status of Women,
2/28/00)

 An estimated one million children, mostly girls,

enter the sex trade each year (UNICEF)

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

What is happening right now?

 In South Africa, it is estimated that a woman is

raped every 83 seconds: only 20 of these cases are
ever reported to the police. (Vetten:1996,
Tribune:1991)

 At least 60 million girls who would otherwise be

expected to be alive are "missing" from various
populations, mostly in Asia, as a result of sex-
selective abortions, infanticide or neglect. (UN
Study On The Status of Women, Year 2000)
Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
HUMAN RIGHTS

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

 HUMAN RIGHTS
 The right to life
 Protection from torture and inhuman and degrading treatment
 Protection from slavery & forced labor
 Right to liberty and security
 Right to education
 Right to a fair trial
 Right to respect for private and family life
 Protection from discrimination

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
 Are
WOMEN
human?
Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
Gender-based violence is an umbrella term
for any harmful act that us perpetrated
against a person’s will, and that is based on
socially ascribed (gender) differences
between males and females

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

 Sexual Violence (sexual exploitation, forced prostitution)
 Domestic Violence
 Trafficking
 Forced/early marriage
 Harmful traditional practices (female genital
mutilation, honour killings, widow inheritance and others)

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Violence Against Women (and
children)

“means any act of gender-based violence that

results in, or is likely to result in physical,
sexual or psychological harm or suffering to
women, including threats of such acts,
coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty,
whether occurring in public or in private life”

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

 Violence can exist in a society ONLY IF
it allows, endorses and communicates
that acceptance to individuals.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Who’s to BLAME?

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Origins of “Male” Violence
Biological Perspective

“Male aggression is tied to

reproductive competition.”

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Biological Perspective

Testosterone isn’t causing aggression;

it’s exaggerating the aggression that’s
already there.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Psychosocial Perspective

Masculine gender roles

SOCIALIZATION

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

THE MANY FACES OF GENDERED
VIOLENCE
Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
RAPE

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
•An average of seven (7) women were raped daily in the
Philippines in 2002, the same average recorded in 2001.
•The rape incidence in 2002 per 100,000 population stood at
3.26, the lowest posted since 1998.

Total Reported Rape Cases and Rape

Incidence in the Philippines, 1998-2002
Myths & Facts about RAPE

MYTHS FACTS
 Rape is a sexual act that results  Rape is an aggressive act used to
from sexual urges. dominate another person.

 Rapists are abnormal.  Rapists have not been shown to

differ from non-rapists in
personality, psychology, or
involvement in personal
relationships.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Myths & Facts about RAPE

MYTH S FACTS
 Most rapes occur between  More than 75% of rapes are
strangers. committed by a person known to
the victim.

 The majority—up to 90%—of

rapes are planned in advance and
 The way a woman dresses affects without knowledge of how the
the likelihood she will be raped
victim will dress.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Myths & Facts about RAPE

MYTHS FACTS
 False reports of rape are frequent.  False reports of rapes comprise
only 2% of all reported rapes.

 Rape is a universal problem.

 The incidence of rape varies
across cultures. It is lowest in
cultures that respect women and
feminine values.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

RAPE

Rape is committed:
1. by a man who shall have carnal knowledge of a
woman under any of the following circumstances:
a. through force, threat or intimidation;
b. when the woman is deprived of reason or otherwise
unconscious;
c. by means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of
authority; and
d. when the offended party is under twelve (12) years of age
or is demented, even though none of the circumstances
mentioned above be present; and

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

RAPE

2. by any person who, under any of the

circumstances mentioned in paragraph 1
hereof, shall commit an act of sexual
assault by inserting his penis into another
person's mouth or anal orifice, or any
instrument, or object, or any other part of
the body such as fingers or toes, into the
genital or anal orifice of another person.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

VAW- related Laws in the Philippines

RA 8353: The Anti-Rape Law of 1997

RA 8505: The Rape Victim Assistance

and Protection Act of 1998

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

VAW- related Laws in the Philippines

RA 8353: The Anti-Rape Law of 1997

RA 8505: The Rape Victim Assistance

and Protection Act of 1998

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Violence in
Ampatuan Massacre
Conflict:

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Violence in Conflict

“brave women who dared to

challenge the male-dominated and
male-controlled political system.”

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

 Ampatuan Massacre

And yet, they said, even as

they “recognize the critical
role of women in society,
especially in peace building
and peace negotiation
efforts,” they likewise believe
that “women should not be in
any way, mere protective
shield for men, much less
bodies for vendetta.”

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

ABUSE IN RELATIONSHIPS

Also known as Domestic

Violence Against Women
(DVAW)
Physical, sexual, emotional, verbal abuse
Not restricted to marriages, abuse is also
prevalent in dating and cohabiting
relationships.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Myths & Facts about
Violence Between Intimates

MYTHS FACTS
 Victims of battering can just leave  Many victims of battering have
the abusive relationship. nowhere to go and no means of
supporting themselves and their
children.

 Abuse of intimates seldom stops

 Abuse of intimates often stops on without intervention or other
its own.
radical measures.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Myths & Facts about
Violence Between Intimates

MYTHS FACTS
 Abuse is confined primarily to  Abuse cuts across socio-economic
working and poverty classes. class, education, and age.

 Abusers have deviant  There is no evidence that abusers

personalities. differ from non-abusers on
standard measures of mental
health and personality.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

 Stage 1
TENSION

The Cycle
Stage 4 Stage 2
Honeymoon of Explosion

Abuse

Stage 3
Remorse
VAW- related Laws in the
Philippines

RA 9262: The Violence Against Women

and Children Act of 2004

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

VAW- related Laws in the
Philippines

RA 7877: The Anti Sexual Harassment Act

of 1995

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

ONLINE DATING

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle

Alvarez
KEY MESSAGES

 Violence against women is an extreme

manifestation of pervasive discrimination
against women and girls.

 Violence against women is a form of

discrimination and a violation of human
rights.
Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
KEY MESSAGES

IT’S OKAY TO SAY

NO!
Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez
women’s rights are human rights and
violence against women amounts to
a violation of human rights.

Prepared by: Cadet GS Michelle Alvarez

Violence against
Women and
Children
 Ang babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang
bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuwang
at karamay (ng lalaki) sa mga kahirapan nitong
buhay; gamitin mo nang buong pagpipitagan ang
kanyang (pisikal na ) kahinaan, alalahanin ang
inang pinagbuhatan at nag-iwi sa iyong
kasanggulan.

-Emilio Jacinto, Kartilya ng Katipunan