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Course: 0062J Perekonomian Indonesia: Indonesia Population Growth Week 2

The document discusses several topics related to population growth and unemployment in Indonesia. It first discusses how population growth is affected by birth rates and death rates, and how natural increase and decrease occur. It then discusses how unemployment is measured, including the different types of unemployment (frictional, structural, cyclical) and how the Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys to classify individuals as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Finally, it discusses factors that contribute to economic growth such as increases in labor supply, physical capital, and human capital.

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Edwa Warner
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30 views13 pages

Course: 0062J Perekonomian Indonesia: Indonesia Population Growth Week 2

The document discusses several topics related to population growth and unemployment in Indonesia. It first discusses how population growth is affected by birth rates and death rates, and how natural increase and decrease occur. It then discusses how unemployment is measured, including the different types of unemployment (frictional, structural, cyclical) and how the Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys to classify individuals as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Finally, it discusses factors that contribute to economic growth such as increases in labor supply, physical capital, and human capital.

Uploaded by

Edwa Warner
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course : 0062J

Perekonomian Indonesia
Indonesia Population Growth
Week 2
Population Growth
(Chapter 29, Case, Fair, Oster, 2012)
The worlds population is growing rapidly
• The population of the world is growing at an exponential rate is
growing faster nad faster
• There are two things that affect the populatiopn size of the world :
• Birth rate-the number of live babies born per thousand of the
population per year
• Death rate-the number of deaths per thousand of the
population per year
• Natural increase : When the birth rate is higher than the death rate,
more people are being born than are dying, so the population
grows.
• Natural decrease : When the death rate is higher than the birth
rate.
Unemployment
(Chapter 29, Case, Fair, Oster, 2012)

• Describing Unemployment
– Three Basic Questions:
• How does government measure the economy’s rate
of unemployment?
• What problems arise in interpreting the
unemployment data?
• How long are the unemployed typically without
work?
Unemployment
(Chapter 29, Case, Fair, Oster, 2012)

• Unemployment rate is the number of people unemployed


as a percentage of the labor force
• Frictional unemployment The portion of unemployment
that is due to the normal working of the labor market;
used to denote short-run job/skill matching problems
• Structural unemployment The portion of unemployment
that is due to changes in the structure of the economy
that result in a significant loss of jobs in certain industries.
• Cyclical unemployment The increase in unemployment
that occurs during recessions and depressions.
Unemployment Measured
(Chapter 29, Case, Fair, Oster, 2012)
• Unemployment is measured by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS).
– It surveys 60,000 randomly selected households every month.
– The survey is called the Current Population Survey.
• Based on the answers to the survey questions, the BLS
places each adult (over 16) years old into one of three
categories:
– Employed
– Unemployed
– Not in the labor force
Employed, Unemployed, Not in the
Labor Force, Labor Force
• Employed: A person is considered employed if he or she has
spent most of the previous week working at a paid job.
• Unemployed: A person is unemployed if he or she is on
temporary layoff, is looking for a job, or is waiting for the start
date of a new job.
• Not in the Labor Force: A person who fits neither of these
categories, such as a full-time student, homemaker, or retiree,
is not in the labor force.
• Labor Force
– The labor force is the total number of workers and the BLS
defines the it as the sum of the employed and the
unemployed.
Employment and Output Over
Business Cycle
(Chapter 31, Case, Fair, Oster, 2012)

In general, employment
does not fluctuate as
much as output over the
business cycle. As a result,
measured productivity
(the output-to-labor ratio)
tends to rise during
expansionary periods and
decline during
contractionary periods.
Sources of Economic
Growth
(Chapter 29, Case, Fair, Oster, 2012)

• An aggregate production function embodies


the relationship between inputs—the labor
force and the stock of capital— and total
national output.
• The growth rate of labor productivity in the
United States has decreased from about 3.3
percent in the 1950s and 1960s to about 2.0
percent in the 1990s and 2000s. It was only
about 1.4 percent in the 1970s.
Sources of Economic
Growth
(Chapter 29, Case, Fair, Oster, 2012)

A number of factors contribute to economic growth:


1. Increase in the labor supply
2. Increase in physical capital—plant and equipment
3. Increase in the quality of the labor supply—human
capital
4. Increase in the quality of physical capital—
embodied technical change
5. Sisembodied technical change—for example, an
increase in managerial skills.
Most Populous Countries
Global
Financial
Crisis

Monetary
Crisis

Source : World Bank


Thank You

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