COMPUTERS IN OUR

DAILY LIFE
Topic 4
 Computers can
understand
BINARY
Machine Language
LANGUAGE 1&0
not Human
Language.

HOW COMPUTER WORK

COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEMS
Types of Number Systems
1. Octal Number System
-from prefix oct, meaning it uses 8 digits
2. Hexadecimal Number System
-from prefix hexa, meaning it uses 16 digits
 EQUIVALENT NUMBER SYSTEMS
VALUES
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal
0 00000 000 0 11 01011 013 B
1 00001 001 1 12 01100 014 C
2 00010 002 2 13 01101 015 D
3 00011 003 3 14 01110 016 E
4 00100 004 4 15 01111 017 F
5 00101 005 5 16 10000 020 10
6 00110 006 6 17 10001 021 11
7 00111 007 7 18 10010 022 12
8 01000 010 8 19 10011 023 13
9 01001 011 9 20 10100 024 14
10 01010 012 A 21 10101 025 15
HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA
Refer to the following steps:
1. From the keyboard, pressure pads are typically
found underneath each key. Upon typing a
letter, the pressure pads sends information to
the CPU for processing.
2. The information is then transmitted in the form
of 0’s and 1’s using ASCII Code.
HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA
Refer to the following steps:
3. The CPU determines what character has been
typed and sends the information to the computer
monitor, again in 0’s and 1’s.
4. The Monitor displays the information in its
equivalent character, this time readable and
understandable by humans.
HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA

Majority of the computer systems use

American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII) for converting characters
into 1’s and 0’s.
HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA

Computer programmers create programs so that

computers can do specific tasks. People write
programs are Programmers.

Program = Codes

Writing programs is called Programming or Coding

CAN YOU READ IT?
01000101 01100100
01110011 01101111
01101110
HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA

01000101
01100100
01110011 = Edson
01101111
01101110
HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA
Each character is converted from the ASCII table’s
hexadecimal, octal or decimal presentation into
binary language.

Symbol Hexadecimal Binary

E 45 01000101
 HOW
COMPUTERS
COMMUNICATE
WITH ONE
ANOTHER
HOW COMPUTERS USES WAYS TO
CONNECT TO CERTAIN DEVICES
HOW COMPUTERS COMMUNICATE
WITH ONE ANOTHER
System Bus
A computer system, on its own,
communicates through what is called a
system bus. A system bus is a pathway
composed of cables and connectors
used to carry data from a computer’s
peripheral devices (monitor, keyboard,
mouse, etc.) to the CPU and the main
memory.

3 Types of Buses:
1. The Data Bus
2. The Address Bus
3. The Control Bus
Data Bus
A data bus can transfer data to
and from the memory of a
computer, or into or out of the
CPU.
Examples of pieces of information
that transverse the data bus
include files transferred from a
flash drive to the computer’s hard
drive and a document sent to the
printer for printing.
Address Bus
The Address Bus is used by the
CPU to specify a physical address
for instructions, files and other
devices within the computer
system.
For example, in a given computer
unit, there are typically 6 to 8 USB
Ports. The address bus is
responsible for checking which USB
ports has a printer connected to it,
along with the mouse, keyboard,
speakers and even external drives.
Control Bus
The Control Bus is used
by the CPU to
communicate with other
devices within the
computer system.
HOW COMPUTERS CONNECT TO
OTHER COMPUTERS
COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEMS

Computer are able to communicate with one another over

networks. A computer network is an interconnection of
two or more computers. This interconnection gives these
computers the capability to share information and
resources.
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
SYSTEMS
Personal Area Network (PAN)
- is a type of connection which is
often limited to an individual person
and his or her personal devices.

Ex. A person traveling with a laptop,

a smartphone, and a portable printer
could interconnect the devices
without having to plug anything in,
using some form of wireless
technology
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
SYSTEMS
Local Area Network (LAN)
- is a connection in which a group of
computers and other devices, such as
network printer, share a common
communications line within a certain
area such as building or a small
campus

Ex. Some schools use schools use

LANs within their campuses so that
students can connect to the internet to
do online research.
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
SYSTEMS
Wide Area Network (WAN)
- may be less restrictive
than LAN as rules and
policies may differ within its
coverage. A WAN may be
made of several LANs and
PANs.
 METHODS OF
COMMUNICATION
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
There are many different types of connection media that
are used in contemporary society to connect computer
networks to one another.

Types of Communications
1. Wired communications
2. Wireless communications
WIRED COMMUNICATION
Different types of cables are used to connect to a given network.

Popular Wired Connections Other

VGA
USB
Serial
FireWire
Parallel
Ethernet Cable
PS/2
HDMI
Audio jacks
Universal Serial
Bus (USB)
Is a connection or interface
that allows the computer to
communicate with system
peripherals such as keyboard,
mouse, printer, etc. as well as
other devices like digital
cameras and portable fans
FireWire

It is a type of connector that

can transmit data to and from
devices which have typical
high data rates, such as
external hard drives. The
transfer speed of a FireWire
is faster than of a USB.
Ethernet

An ethernet cable
transmit signals between
a computer and network
devices such as a router,
switch or other
computers.
High-Definition
Multimedia
Interface (HDMI)
HDMI (High-Definition
Multimedia Interface) is a
connector for transmitting
audio/video data which are
compatible to computers,
projectors and digital
televisions.
Video Graphics
Array (VGA)

The 15-pin Video Graphics

Array (VGA) connector
has been provided on
many video cards,
computer monitor, laptop
computer and projectors.
Serial

Was once a standard

feature of a personal
computer used for
connections to modem,
printer, mouse, and other
peripheral devices
Parallel

Similar to serial
connection, parallel
connections were used
before to connect other
computer peripherals
such as printers.
PS/2

Is a 6-pin connector used to

connect the mouse and the
keyboard to a computer. It is a
color-coded to identify which
peripheral will be connected to
which port.
Purple for keyboard and green
for mouse.
Audio jacks

Are 3.5 mm jacks are

used for microphones (as
input) and speakers (as
output). It uses color Gray: Middle speakers out
codes as well to indicate Black: Rear speakers out

the type of input and Orange: Center/subwoofer out

Pink: Mic in
output lines. Green: Front speakers out
Blue: Line in
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Include microwave transmission, satellite communication,
cellular transmission, and radio transmission such as Wi-Fi
connectivity.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a

professional technical association with members all across the
globe identified standard 802.11 for Wi-Fi and 802.15 for
Bluetooth in the Wireless standards.
Wireless
Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

Uses radio waves to wirelessly

transmit information across
network. Wi-Fi signals
transmitted in frequencies of
between 2.5 and 5 gigahertz
(GHz), which are higher than
radio and TV signals to avoid
interference.
Bluetooth

Bluetooth uses radio waves to

connect to other devices. The
connection via Bluetooth is
called pairing. Once paired,
devices are able to send and
receive information provided
they are within a given range
(10 meters).
HOW HUMANS
COMMUNICATE
WITH
COMPUTERS
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Is a combination of instructions, data and
programs that the computer needs in order to do a
specific task.
Another term is Computer Programs.
Are set of codes or instructions which are usually
designed or written by computer programmers
using specific programming language.
COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
•The most
common type of
programming
language used by
programmers is
called object-
oriented
programming.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
•Programmers have developed
Two Types of Computer
Software:
•
1. The System Software
•2. Application Software
System Platforms

Desktop systems differ from mobile

systems in terms of how each
platforms treats the application
software installed in the system.
System Software
Is the most important software
running on a computer since it
manages the computer’s memory
and instructions and can control all
the connected hardware and
installed software applications
System Software

Are also called Operating

System.
Two of the most popular
desktop OS now:
• Microsoft’s Windows
• Apple’s MacOS
System Software

Mobile OS:
•Google’s
Android
•Microsoft’s
Windows
•Apple’s iOS
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Application Software
Consists of programs that are designed to
perform specific tasks for users.
Also called as shareware, freeware or
software packages.
Different Types of Application Programs
Word Processing Software Database Software
• Microsoft Word • Oracle
• WordPad • Microsoft Access, etc.
• Notepad
Different Types of Application Programs
Spreadsheet Software Multimedia Software
• Apple Numbers • Real Player
• Microsoft Excel • Media Player
• VLC
Different Types of Application Programs
Presentation Software Educational Software
• Microsoft PowerPoint • Encarta
• Keynote • Britannica
• Google Earth
ONLINE APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Several Applications available in
the App Store and Google Play
1. Any.do – a scheduler and reminder
notification app.
2. Microsoft Office Word, Excel and PowerPoint
– for free download in both Android and iOS
3. WPS Office – another office productivity
suite that does the same as Microsoft’ Word,
Excel and PowerPoint.
Several Applications
available in the App
Store and Google Play
Adobe Acrobat Reader – a PDF
reader and annotation app which
lets you view and sign PDF forms
Microsoft Outlook – for reading
emails, managing contacts and
calendar
Newton Mail – for accessing all
email accounts in the “unified
inbox”
Forge – a mobile drawing apps
that allows the user to create
sketches and edit photos.