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Unit:2 ARP (Operation, Format, Proxy Arp) : Presented by Baljit Chaudhary

The document discusses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which maps IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow for packet delivery at the data link layer. It explains that each network interface has a unique MAC address and that IP addresses need to be dynamically mapped to MAC addresses using ARP. It describes how ARP works by broadcasting a request packet to the network to find the MAC address associated with a target IP address, and the target then responds with its MAC address. It also covers the ARP packet format and fields. Finally, it discusses proxy ARP where a router will respond to ARP requests on behalf of other hosts.

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36 views

Unit:2 ARP (Operation, Format, Proxy Arp) : Presented by Baljit Chaudhary

The document discusses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which maps IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow for packet delivery at the data link layer. It explains that each network interface has a unique MAC address and that IP addresses need to be dynamically mapped to MAC addresses using ARP. It describes how ARP works by broadcasting a request packet to the network to find the MAC address associated with a target IP address, and the target then responds with its MAC address. It also covers the ARP packet format and fields. Finally, it discusses proxy ARP where a router will respond to ARP requests on behalf of other hosts.

Uploaded by

sainibaljeet
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit:2

ARP (operation,format,proxy
ARP)
Presented by
Baljit Chaudhary
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
 Each machine connected to the network has a hardware
component called the NIC - Network Interface Controller
 Each NIC is uniquely identified by a number called its Physical
Address or MAC Address
 The MAC Address can be of two types:
◦ Fixed
◦ Configurable
 IP Address has to be mapped to the MAC Address for actual
delivery of frames; This is called Address Resolution.
ARP
Delivery of a packet to a host or a router
requires two levels of addressing
Logical
Physical
This can be done using static or dynamic
mapping
Static mapping

Creating a table that associates logical


address with a physical address
This table is stored in each machine on
the network
Static mapping table must be updated
periodically
Dynamic table
Each time a machine knows one of the
two addresses logical or physical,it can
use a protocol to find the other one
Two protocols are used for dynamic
mapping ARP,RARP
Logical Physical
Address Address

ARP RARP

Physical Logical
Address Address
ARP
ARP and RARP use unicast and broadcast physical address
ARP associates an IP address with its physical address
When a host or a router needs to find the physical address of
another host or a router. It sends an ARP query packet
Packet includes the physical address and IP address of the
sender and IP address of the receiver
Query is broadcast over the network
Every host or router on the network receive and process the
ARP query packet, but only the intended recipient recognizes its
IP address and sends back an ARP response packet.
Response packet contains the recipient’s IP and physical address
Packet is unicast directly to the inquirer using the physical
address received in query packet
ARP (continued)
Resolution through Direct Mapping is trivial if MAC
address is configured to be the host part of the IP
address.
Resolution through Dynamic Binding:
◦ Dynamic Binding is required because NIC may be changed.
Otherwise tables of IP-MAC address mappings on all hosts
will have to updated.
◦ TCP/IP uses ARP which consists of the following steps:
 Broadcast IP Address of the destination;
 Broadcast nature of the LAN is assumed
 Destination replies with its MAC address
 Source maintains a cache of IP-to-MAC Address bindings
ARP request is broadcast

System A request System B

System c System d
ARP reply is unicast

System A reply System B

System c System d
ARP Packet format
Hardware type Protocol type
Hardware length Protocol length Operation Request1,Reply2
Sender hardware address(for example,6 bytes for IP)

Sender protocol address(for example,4bytes for IP)


Target hardware address(for example ,6bytes for Ethernet)
(It is not filled in request)

Target protocol address(for example,4bytes for IP)


Packet Format
Hardware Type: this is a 16-bit field defining the
type of the network on which ARP is running. Each
LAN has been assigned an integer based on its type.
Protocol type: this is a 16-bit field defining the
protocol
Hardware length: This is an 8-bit field defining the
length of the physical address in bytes. For Ethernet
this value is 6 as it has 48 bits (=6bytes)physical
address.
Protocol length: this is an 8-bit field defining the
logical address in bytes
Packet format
Opeartion:this is a 16-bit field defining the type
of packet.ARP request(1),ARP reply(2).
Sender hardware address: this is a variable-
length field defining the physical address of the
sender
Sender protocol address: this is a variable
length field defining the physical address of the
target
Target protocol address: this is a variable length
field defining the logical address of the target
Encapsulation

An ARP packet is encapsulated directly into


a data link frame ARP
request
or reply
packet
Preamble Destinati Source Typ Data CRC
and SFD on Address e
Address
8bytes 6bytes 6bytes 2byt 4bytes
es
Operation
steps involved in ARP process
 Sender knows the IP address of the target
 IP asks ARP to create an ARP request message, filling in the sender physical
address, sender IP address, receiver’s IP address. physical address is filled
with 0’s
 Message is encapsulated in a frame in data link layer
 Every host or router receives the frame.b’coz frame contains the broadcast
destination address, all station remove the message and pass it to ARP.
 Target machine recognize the IP address and drop the packet.
 Target machine replies with an ARP reply message that contains its physical
address. Message is unicast
 Sender receives the reply message. It knows the physical address of the
target machine
 IP datagram carries data for the target machine, is encapsulated in a frame
and is unicast to the destination
Proxy ARP
Proxy ARP is an ARP that acts on behalf of a
set of hosts
Whenever a router running a proxy ARP
receives an ARP request looking for the IP
address of one of these hosts
Router sends an ARP reply announcing its
own hardware address
After the router receives actual IP packet, it
sends the packet to appropriate host or router
Proxy ARP
141.23.56.21 141.23.56.22 141.23.56.23

request Proxy
System A
ARP
router

System c System d

Proxy ARP router replies to any ARP request received


for destinations 141.23.56.21, 141.23.56.22,
141.23.56.23
Thank You

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