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Problem Solving - Inductive & Deductive

Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on specific examples, while deductive reasoning uses general rules and principles to reach conclusions. Inductive reasoning can be used to predict patterns or make conjectures by examining examples, but the conclusions are not certain. Deductive reasoning establishes conclusions by applying logical rules and shows that the conclusions are certain to be true if the initial premises are true. The document provides examples of using inductive reasoning to predict numbers in a list or make a conjecture about a procedure based on examples, and using deductive reasoning to prove a conjecture is true based on the general rules of the procedure.

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Evelyn Maligaya
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101 views

Problem Solving - Inductive & Deductive

Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on specific examples, while deductive reasoning uses general rules and principles to reach conclusions. Inductive reasoning can be used to predict patterns or make conjectures by examining examples, but the conclusions are not certain. Deductive reasoning establishes conclusions by applying logical rules and shows that the conclusions are certain to be true if the initial premises are true. The document provides examples of using inductive reasoning to predict numbers in a list or make a conjecture about a procedure based on examples, and using deductive reasoning to prove a conjecture is true based on the general rules of the procedure.

Uploaded by

Evelyn Maligaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM

SOLVING

ALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts


INDUCTIVE AND
DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
INDUCTIVE REASONING
The type of reasoning that
form a conclusion based on
the examination of specific
example.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
The process of reaching a
general conclusion by
examining specific
examples.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
The conclusion formed by
using inductive reasoning is
a conjecture, since it may
or may not be correct.
When you examine a list of
numbers and predict the
next number in the list
according to some pattern
you have observed, you are
using inductive reasoning.
Example 1: Use Inductive
Reasoning to Predict a
Number
Use inductive reasoning to
predict the next number in
each of the following lists.
1. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ?
2. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15
1. Each successive number is 3
larger than the preceding
number. Thus we predict
that the next number in the
list is 3 larger than 15,
which is 18.
2. The first two numbers differ by 2. The
second and third numbers differ by 3.
It appears that the difference
between any two numbers is always 1
more than the preceding difference.
Since 10 and 15 differ by 5, we predict
that the next number in the list will be
6 larger than 15, which is 21.
Inductive method is not used
just to predict the number in a
list. In Example 2, we use
inductive reasoning to make a
conjecture about an
arithmetic procedure.
Example 2: Use Inductive
Reasoning to Make a
Conjecture
Consider the following
procedure:
Pick a number. Multiply the
number by 8, add 6 to the
product, divide the sum by 2
and subtract 3.
Complete the given procedure
for several different numbers.
Use inductive reasoning to make
a conjecture about the
relationship between the size of
the resulting number and the size
of the original number.
Solution:
Suppose we pick 5 as our original number.
Then the procedure would produce the
following results.
Original number: 5
Multiply by 8: 8 x 5 = 40
Add 6: 40 + 6 = 46
Divide by 2: 46 ÷ 2 = 23
Subtract 3: 20 – 3 = 20
We started with 5 and followed the
procedure to produce 20. Starting with 6 as
our original number produced a final result of
24. Starting with 10 produces a final result of
40. Starting with 100 produces a result of
400. In each of these cases the resulting
number is four times the original number. We
conjecture that following the given procedure
produces a number that is four times the
original number.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
The process of reaching a
conclusion by applying
general principles and
procedures.
Example: Use Deductive Reasoning
to Establish a Conjecture
Use deductive reasoning to
show that the following
procedure produces a number
that is four times the original
number.
Consider the following
procedure:
Pick a number. Multiply the
number by 8, add 6 to the
product, divide the sum by 2
and subtract 3.
 

Solution:
Let n represent the original number

Multiply the number 8: 8n


Add 6 to the product: 8n + 6
Divide the sum by 2: = 4n + 3
Subtract 3: 4n + 3 – 3 = 4n
We started with n and
ended with 4n. The
procedure given in this
example produces a
number that is four times
the original number.
Reference:
Mathematics in the
Modern World
Rex Book Store (2018)

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