Module 2.

Building
Communications
Proficiency
IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Lesson Goal

The lesson aims to strengthen and

further build competency among
participants on communications
correlated to their duties and
functions as investigation officers.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Lesson Objectives
After this lesson, the participants will be able
to:

• Discuss the importance of communication

process;
• State the different types of Communication;
• Identify the different general barriers of
Communication;

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Lesson Objectives
After this lesson, the participants will be able
to:
• Review and correct the most common errors
encounter in writing police reports,
memoranda, and letters;
• State the pre-requisites in writing
correspondence and technical report writing;
• Recognize the Essential Qualities of Good
Writing;
IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Lesson Objectives
After this lesson, the participants will be able
to:

• State ideas, situations, and facts clearly and

concisely when writing a memorandum,
civilian letter, and police report; and
• Prepare reports as required by the existing
policies of the PNP.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Presentation Sequence

1. The Communication Process

• Importance of Communication Process
• Types of Communication
• Different general barriers of Communication

2. Language Proficiency
• Determining Sentence Errors

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Presentation Sequence

3. Correspondence and Technical Report

Writing
• Pre-requisites in Writing Correspondence and
Technical Reports
• Essential Qualities of Good Writing
• Writing a Memorandum, Civilian Letter, and
Police Report;

Course: IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Part One:
The Communication
Process

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

The Communication Process

• Guide towards realizing effective communication

• Sharing of a common meaning between the
sender and receiver
• Effective communication leads to understanding
• The transfer of information

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Components of Communication
Process

1. Sender
2. Encoding
3. Transmission of Message
4. Decoding
5. Receiver
6. Feedback

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

The Communication Process

SENDER ENCODING TRANSMISSION DECODING RECEIVER

FEEDBACK
(RESPONSE)

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Goals of Communication
Process

1. To transmit a message clearly within a

context
2. To establish relations or strengthen
relationship
3. To develop, realize, concretize an idea into
action
4. To achieve an objective or learning or goal

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Goals of Communication
Process

5. To make growth possible

6. To seek answers:
a. Communication Research
b. Investigation
c. Management of Processes

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Goals of Communication
Process

Discovery Establishment
Conviction
of Truth of Facts

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Video Clip

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Types of Communication

A. Non-Human Communication
1. Animal Communication
2. Plant Communication

B. Human Communication
1. Verbal Communication
2. Non-Verbal Communication

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

General Barriers in
Communication
A. Physical Barrier
B. Psychological – Emotional
C. Cultural
D. Linguistic
E. Interpersonal / Behavioral Patterns
F. Perceptual

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

General Barriers in
Communication

G. Organizational
H. Information Overload
I. Noise / Distractions
J. Feedback

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Video Clip 2

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Part Two:
Language Proficiency

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Language Proficiency

• Also called Linguistic Proficiency

• The ability of an individual to speak or

perform in an acquired language

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

1. Run-on Sentence
2. Misplaced Modifier
3. Fragment
4. Dangling Modifier
5. Faulty Parallelism
6. Use of Split Infinitives

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

1. Run-on Sentence
• Two sentences or ideas written as one
• No appropriate punctuations or connecting
word separating the ideas
• Either Comma splice or Fused sentence

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

1. Run-on Sentence

Four Ways to Correct Comma Splice and Fused

Sentence:

• Use of coordinating Conjunction

• Use of Semi-Colon
• Use of Subordinating Conjunction
• Use of a Period

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

1. Run-on Sentence

Example 1:
Comma Splice: The altercation occurred in
front of the victim’s residence, the suspect
was already drunk at that time.

Corrected: The altercation occurred in front

of the victim’s residence. The suspect was
already drunk at that time.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

1. Run-on Sentence

Example 2:
Fused Sentence: The altercation occurred in
front of the victim’s residence the suspect
was allegedly drunk at that time.

Corrected: The altercation occurred in front

of the victim’s residence; the suspect was
already drunk at that time.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

2. Misplaced Modifier
• Modifiers or descriptive phrases that are
not placed beside or near the word(s) they
are supposed to modify or describe
• Results in ambiguous or confusing
sentences.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

2. Misplaced Modifier

Example 1:
Wrong: This action is in compliance with the
Chief, PNP’s directive to place police personnel
under restrictive custody involved in criminal
complaints.

Corrected: This action is in compliance with

the Chief, PNP’s directive to place police
personnel involved in criminal complaints
under restrictive custody.
IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

2. Misplaced Modifier

Example 2:
Wrong: On June 21, 2009 at about 5:00 P.M., a
woman appeared to this office and presented a
photograph of the suspect who introduced herself as
the lone witness to the stabbing incident.

Right: On June 21, 2009 at about 5:00 P.M., a

woman who introduced herself as the lone
witness to the stabbing incident appeared to this
office and presented a photograph of the suspect.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

3. Fragment
• Phrases or groups of words
• No subject or verb
• Does not express a complete thought

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

3. Fragment

Example 1:
Fragment: When uncovered, reveal a male
cadaver, clad in white shirt with blood and a
pair of gray Corduroy short pants.

Revised: When uncovered, the stretcher

revealed a male cadaver, clad in white shirt
soiled with blood and a pair of gray Corduroy
short pants.
IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

3. Fragment

Example 2:
Fragment: Upon arrival, the operatives saw the accused
drinking hard liquor and immediately arrested him.
Brought to the warrant office for proper disposition.
Likewise, informed him of RA 7438 known as Miranda
Doctrine.

Revised: Upon arrival, the operatives saw the accused

drinking hard liquor and immediately arrested him. They
brought him to the warrant office for proper disposition.
Likewise, they informed him of his rights under Republic
Act 7438, otherwise known as the Miranda Doctrine.
IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

3. Fragment

Example 3:

Fragment: The motive of the killing due to

jealousy by the suspect.

Revised: The motive of the killing was due to

jealousy by the suspect.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

4. Dangling Modifier
• Subject of the main idea or main clause is
not the one that the phrase modifies.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

4. Dangling Modifier

Example 1:

Incorrect: Driving along Paseo de Roxas, a

huge billboard being dismantled was noticed
by Inspector Martin.

Correct: Driving along Paseo de Roxas,

Inspector Martin noticed a huge billboard
being dismantled.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

4. Dangling Modifier

Example 2:

Incorrect: To enter the police service, mental

and physical preparations should be made by
the applicants.

Correct: To enter the police service,

applicants should make mental and physical
preparations.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

4. Dangling Modifier

Example 3:

Incorrect: Having reported the incident to the

police, the black Montero SUV was driven by
the witness en route to the hotel.

Correct: Having reported the incident to the

police, the witness drove his black Montero
SUV en route to the hotel.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

5. Faulty Parallelism
• Sentence contains elements of different
grammatical kind
• Disrupts the reader’s flow of thought and
expectations

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

5. Faulty Parallelism

Example 1:

Non-parallel: PO3 Amelita Barnedo is a

model employee, ideal wife and loves her
parents.

Parallel: PO3 Amelita Barnedo is a model

employee, ideal wife and loving daughter.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

5. Faulty Parallelism

Example 2:
Non-parallel: The members of the search and
rescue team convened to share information
about their mission and for the planning of their
next move.

Parallel: The members of the search and rescue

team convened to share information about their
mission and to plan their next move.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

5. Faulty Parallelism

Example 3:

Non-parallel: PO3 Charlie Austria arrived at

the crime scene, interviewed witnesses and
evidence was gathered by him.

Parallel: PO3 Charlie Austria arrived at the

crime scene, interviewed witnesses, and
gathered evidence.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

6. Use of Split Infinitives

• Use of infinitive phrase
• To + the main or base form of the verb

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

6. Use of Split Infinitives

Example 1:

Wrong: The robbers decided to equally divide

the loot among themselves.

Right: The robbers decided to divide the loot

equally among themselves.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Determining Sentence Error

6. Use of Split Infinitives

Example 2:

Wrong: The witness agreed to readily testify

on the kidnapping incident.

Right: The witness readily agreed to testify

on the kidnapping incident.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Exercises

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Exercise 1
Police Blotter Extract

ADORA BORDADORA 40 years old married and resident of

280 Amado St., Dagupan City reported at this office an snatching
incident that happened on August 6, 2010 at about 2:00 in the
afternoon at Nepo Mall. The report stated that a certain Mando
Rukot grabbed her cellular phone while she was using it to talk
to her son in Manila. A security guard on watch was alerted when
above named victim cried for help and suspect was collared at
the main entrance of the mall after giving a brief chase. Accused
was caught red handed with cell phone on his right ADORA
BORDADORA was entered in our Police Blotter under entry
No.15392, Page 0074 and dated August 6, 2010.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Exercise 2
Spot Report on Stabbing Incident

Initial investigation conducted showed that on cited TDPO,

while the victim was walking along VV. Soliven Avenue, Cainta
Rizal way back to their house. Suddenly, he noticed Jake Cruz
Reyes following him. When he reached the corner of the street,
JAKE REYES y CRUZ blocked the way of ROEL JOHN POSADAS
y SANTOS and said “GAGO KA! SINULOT MO SYOTA KO!”. After
his words, he got his knife to his pocket and stabbed Roel John
Posadas three times that caused him fell to the ground. Jake Cruz
Reyes immediately escaped the place after the incident but he
immediately caught by the concern citizens. The residents of the
place immediately helped the victim and sent to the nearest
hospital that caused him to survive from the death.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Part Three:
Correspondence and
Technical Report Writing

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Pre-Requisites in Writing Correspondence

and Technical Report Writing

1. PLAN the Contents of the report

2. COLLECT the Information
3. DRAFT the Rough Report
4. FINALIZE

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

1. Accuracy
2. Clarity
3. Conciseness
4. Objectivity
5. Completeness

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

1. Accuracy
• Correctness or precision in both information
and word choice
• Free of errors in substance and details
• Using the exact words meant to express your
intended meaning
• Using “specific word” rather than vague ones

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Accuracy

Example:
Vague: A middle-aged single mother was killed a week
ago by motorcycle-riding robbers who took the cash
she had just withdrawn from a bank in Laguna.

Revised: Mayumi Sanghari, a 27 year old single

mother was gunned down on Friday, January 20, 2012
by two motorcycle-riding criminals who took the PHP
200, 000.00 cash she had just withdrawn from Banco
de Laguna in Los Baños, Laguna.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

2. Clarity
• Freedom from ambiguity
• Don’t have to read the same paragraph over
and over again to understand its meaning
• Not having to ask “who did what?” or “what is
that again?”

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Additional Strategies to make your

Sentences Clear

a. Avoid elaborate and impressive words.

Elaborate: The vehicular accident caused bodily

impairments to ten passengers.
Simple: The vehicular accident injured ten passengers.

Elaborate: The spokesperson attempted to elucidate

PNP’s involvement in the botched rescue mission.
Simple: The spokesperson attempted to clarify PNP’s
involvement in the botched rescue mission.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Additional Strategies to make your

Sentences Clear

b. Avoid double negatives and construct positive

sentences.

Negative: Applicants who will not pass this test will not
qualify for admission.
Positive: Applicants who will pass this test will qualify
for admission.

Negative: The recruits are not absent.

Positive: The recruits are present.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

3. Conciseness
• Express much in a few words as possible
• Brief but substantial
• Summarize narrative report using pertinent or
important details

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

3. Conciseness

Example:
Poor: Having been shot, Norma Lagueno
howled in pain and slowly crawled and
dragged her bleeding left leg as she looked
for cover.

Concise: Having been shot in her left leg,

Norma Lagueno crawled for cover.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Six Strategies in Writing Concise

Sentences

a. Use active voice instead of passive voice.

Passive Voice: The incident was investigated

by a special team.
Active Voice: A special team investigated the
incident.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Six Strategies in Writing Concise

Sentences

b. Reduce long clauses into phrases.

Wordy: The man who is sitting beside the mayor

is the chief of police.

Concise: The man beside the mayor is the chief

of police.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Six Strategies in Writing Concise

Sentences

c. Cut unnecessary words and empty phrases.

Wordy: The team made a decision to clear the

area of peddlers.

Concise: The team decided to clear the area of

peddlers.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Six Strategies in Writing Concise

Sentences

d. Eliminate repetition and redundancy.

Wordy: The team leader presented a brief

summary of their activities.

Concise: The team leader presented a

summary of their activities.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Six Strategies in Writing Concise

Sentences

e. Avoid “Nominalization” or using the noun

forms of the verbs.

Wordy: The rescue of the kidnapped victim

carried out by Task force Sagip was swift.

Concise: Task Force Sagip rescued the

kidnapped victim swiftly.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Six Strategies in Writing Concise

Sentences

f. Avoid the use of “there is/are/were” as

sentence openers.

Wordy: There were two witnesses who testified

against the kidnapping suspect.

Concise: Two witnesses testified against the

kidnapping suspect.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

4. Objectivity
• Use the language that has a neutral tone
• Report shall cover all sides of the story and
does not slant toward or favor one side only
• Avoid opinions, personal judgment and
emotional overtone in your sentences

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

4. Objectivity

Example 1:
Subjective: An inmate at Iwahig Penal Farm
acts strange and lunatic.

Objective: An inmate at Iwahig Penal Farm

known as Alyas Boy Kalawang talks to himself,
shouts and laughs at his fellow inmates for no
apparent reason. He is also seen often times
wearing his underwear over his head.
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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

4. Objectivity

Example 2:

Subjective: The ugly, crazy drunkard so

terrified the bar manager.

Objective: A man believed to be under the

influence of liquor poked a gun at the bar
manager.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

5. Completeness
• A good narrative report answers all questions
(who, what, where, when, why, and how).
• Opinions, judgments concerning the nature of
the crime should be backed up by evidence

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

5. Completeness

Victim
Victim

Witness
Witness Suspect
Suspect

WHO
Crime
Crime Evidence
Evidence
Reporter
Reporter Keeper
Keeper

IOC
IOC

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 Module
Module 2.1
2.1 Building
Building Communications
Communications Proficiency
Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

5. Completeness

Nature
Nature of
of
the Crime/
the Crime/
Incident
Incident

Weapons
Weapons Action
or Tools
or Tools
WHAT Action
Taken
Taken

Evidence
Evidence

IOBC
 Module
Module 2.1
2.1 Building
Building Communications
Communications Proficiency
Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

5. Completeness

Victim
Victim last
last
seen
seen

Crime
Crime Suspect
Suspect
Discovered
Discovered Arrested
Arrested

WHEN

Authorities
Authorities
Arrived Authorities
Authorities
Arrived Informed
at Informed
at the
the CS
CS

IOBC
 Module
Module 2.1
2.1 Building
Building Communications
Communications Proficiency
Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

5. Completeness

Place
Place of
of
Commission
Commission

Tools
Tools
Victim/
Victim/ Acquired
Acquired
Suspect or
or
Suspect
Obtained
Obtained
WHERE

Marking
Marking of
of Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence Keeping
Keeping

IOBC
 Module
Module 2.1
2.1 Building
Building Communications
Communications Proficiency
Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

5. Completeness

Motive
Motive

Criminal
Criminal Late
Commit
Commit
the
WHY Late
Reporting
Reporting
the Crime
Crime

Victims
Victims
Reluctant
Reluctant
to
to Talk
Talk

IOBC
 Module
Module 2.1
2.1 Building
Building Communications
Communications Proficiency
Proficiency

Essential Qualities of Good Writing

5. Completeness

Crime
Crime
Carried
Carried
Out
Out

Discovery
Discovery
Criminal
Criminal of
of the
the
get
get away
away Crime
Crime

HOW

Information
Information Responder
Responder
of
of the
the Crime
Crime at
at the
the CS
CS

Crime
Crime
Reported
Reported

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Memorandum

• A note, a reminder, or a statement that one

wishes to remember or preserve for future use
• Latin term memorandus (to be remembered) or
memorare (to remind).
• Memorandum is singular while memoranda is
its plural form

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of the Memorandum

1. Letterhead
2. Heading
3. Body
4. Penned Signature

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Letterhead
– includes logo and
name of the agency,
address, and other
relevant information
such as contact
information, services
offered and the like.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Heading

– includes the To/For

line, From line, Subject
line, and the Date line

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Body
- Initial part tells the recipient
the reason of writing the
memorandum and tells the
recipient of what he is going
to do and how. Next part
states the information or
details, telling the reader
what you have said and how
he will do it. Final part ends
with courteous request for
service, action or further
information.
 
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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Penned Signature
– includes the signature of
the writer of the memo

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

The difference of using To line or For line

Memo To – When the writer is addressing to his

subordinates or those who have lower positions
than him.

Memo For – When the writer is addressing to his

superior or one who has higher positions than
him.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Types of Memorandum

The type of memorandum revolves on the

following purposes:

1. Memo that Requests

2. Memo that Informs
3. Memo that Responds

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Guidelines in the Standard Preparation

of Communications

Common defects of communications prepared by the

different PNP offices/units:

• Wrong format of the addressee portion;

• Incomplete staff work;
• Redundancy in communication distribution;
• Use of wrong stationery/letterhead;
• Inappropriate complimentary endings;
• Wrong spacing;

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Guidelines in the Standard Preparation

of Communications

Common defects of communications prepared by the

different PNP offices/units:

• Lack of appropriate tabs for the

enclosure/attachments;
• Typographical and grammatical errors;
• Wrong font and font size;
• Dirty printing;
• Protruding staple wires; and
• Use of sliding folder.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Civilian Letter

• A message in writing
• Any language or code
• Contained in a sealed or unsealed envelope
or not in an envelope at all
• Communication sent outside the organization
(public, private and religious sectors)

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

1. Heading (Letterhead)
2. Date (Dateline)
3. Inside Address
4. Salutation
5. Body of the Letter
6. Complimentary Close
7. Signature Block

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

Heading (Letterhead)

• A part that contains the

name of the institution
represented by the
writer.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

Date (Dateline)

• It specifies the day

when the letter was
written, not when the
document was
dispatched.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

Inside Address

• This usually contains

the correct name,
position, business
name and business
address of the
addressee.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

Salutation

• The greetings in the

letter that provides
a courteous
opening.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

Body of the Letter

• It embodies the text

of the message,
usually the longest
part of the letter.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

Complimentary Close

• The farewell part of

the letter which
signals the ending
of the message.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Parts of a Civilian Letter

Signature Block

• It indicates the name

of the writer (usually in
all capital letter) with
signature above it.
This is typed the same
way as the name in
the inside address.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Police Reports

• Chronological or step-by-step account of

an incident that took place at a given
time.
• Narrative or informative writing
• Written account of an incident

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Paragraphing Process

1. First Paragraph - what sort of crime is being

described

2. Second Paragraph - the recounting of various

steps or actions done

3. Third Paragraph - end paragraph which

concludes the report

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Uses of Report

1. Serves as basis for prosecution;

2. Serves as source of statistical information;
3. Serves as reference for development of
operational strategies, policy changes, and
training program formulation; and
4. Sources of stories by newspapers and media.
5. Basis for performance evaluation.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Purpose of an Investigation Report

1. Record
2. Leads
3. Prosecution Action

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Basic Investigation Reports

1. Spot Report
Immediate initial investigative or incident
report pertaining to:
• the commission of the crime
• occurrence of natural or man-made disaster
• unusual incidents involving loss of lives and
damage of properties

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Basic Investigation Reports

2. Progress Report
• Follow-up of the initial investigation
• Covers new findings, statements of
additional witnesses
• An update of the ongoing action or
investigation of a particular case

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Basic Investigation Reports

3. After Operation Report

• A report that may be rendered after any
successful police operation
• Arrest of any member or some members of
syndicated crime group.

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 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Basic Investigation Reports

4. Final Report
Submitted when an investigation is terminated.
This is done under the following circumstances:
• On successful conclusion of the case
• When all leads are exhausted and there
appear to be no further steps to be taken
• On orders from higher authority.

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Summary

In this lesson, the Participants have learned:

• Importance of communication process;

• Different types of Communication;
• Different general barriers of Communication;
• Sentence Errors;

IOBC
 Module 2.1 Building Communications Proficiency

Summary

In this lesson, the Participants have learned:

• Pre-requisites in writing correspondence and

technical reports;
• Essential Qualities of Good Writing;
• Writing a memorandum, civilian letter, and police
report; and
• Preparation of reports as required by the existing
policies of the PNP.
IOBC