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Group 2 - Introspection As Research Method

This document discusses introspection as a research method. It defines introspection as looking within oneself to perceive, analyze, and report one's own mental feelings and thought processes. Introspection has two main methods: verbal reports and diary studies. Verbal reports involve thinking aloud or retrospection to provide oral records of thoughts during or after a task. Diary studies have participants record experiences over multiple days in response to structured questions. However, introspection also has disadvantages like potential bias, lack of objectivity, and limitations to validity.

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20 views

Group 2 - Introspection As Research Method

This document discusses introspection as a research method. It defines introspection as looking within oneself to perceive, analyze, and report one's own mental feelings and thought processes. Introspection has two main methods: verbal reports and diary studies. Verbal reports involve thinking aloud or retrospection to provide oral records of thoughts during or after a task. Diary studies have participants record experiences over multiple days in response to structured questions. However, introspection also has disadvantages like potential bias, lack of objectivity, and limitations to validity.

Uploaded by

Khotim Maslikah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introspection as a research method

By: Isti , Kiki , Mariem , Santi


Agenda Style
01 Definition

02 Verbal report

03 Diary studies

04 Disadvantages
Founder of Introspection Method

 Wilhelm Wundt pioneered the use of a technique known as


introspection .
Definition
.
 Introspection is a method of self observation

 The word
 “intro” means “within” and
 “ spection” means “looking”

 Hence, it is a method where an individual is


looking within one self
 Introspection method is the oldest method to collect
data about the conscious experiences of the subject

 It is the process of self-examination where one


perceives, analyses and reports one’s own feelings
For example

 Suppose you are happy and in the state of happiness you look
within yourself. It is said you are introspecting your own mental
feelings and examine what is going on in your mental process in
the state of happiness. Similarly, you may introspect yourself in
the state of anger and fear etc. Introspection is also defined as
the notice, which the mind takes of itself
Method

Introspective method is divided into 2 categories:

1.Verbal report 2. Diary studies

 Think aloud

 Retrospection
Verbal Report
Oral records of thought, provided by subjects
when thinking aloud during or immediately
after competing the task
Types of Verbal Report
01 Think aloud

Asking learners to verbalize their thought processes while


they are involved in processing language, typically
Reading a text or writing an essay

02 Restrospective

Learners verbalize their thought processes immeadiately


after they process the language.
Procedures of Verbal
Reports

Provide students with a practise activity

Give simple directions

Be as unobtrusive as possible

Do not ask leading questions


Ask students to report their thought
proceses at a particular points

Record the sessions

Portfolio
Designed
Examples of verbal report methodology

Cohen (1994)
Buck (1994)
• Five test – takers
• Six test – takers
• A two – part test
• 54-item based on a single
• Concurrent reports
listening text
• Observe test takers during the
• 3 short sections, one at a time
test-taking process
• Attend a post-test interview
• Give test-takers a questionnaire
• Take the test items again
• Conduct in the test-takers’ L1
Diary Studies

A user diary is a record kept by a user over some


period of time, usually a day to a week.

Allows insight into behavior over time

Need to build in reminders (such as via email) to


prevent a high percentage of dropouts.

Quality of data varies; it helps to provide


structured questions.
Diary Studies

In a diary study, participants go about their


normal lives except that they report what
they’ve done or experienced (via
questionnaire or freedom using an electronic
or paper diary) at some interval signal, or
event, and they do this multiple times over
days or weeks.
Disadvantages

Consistency Bias Objectivity

Validity Limit
Thank You
Questions ?

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