ADD TEXT

35%
ROME STATUTE
YOUR CONTENT
OF
INTERNATIONAL
WRITE SOME
TEXT HERE
CRIMINAL
ADD TEXT
COURT
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal The Rome Statute established four core
Court is the treaty that established the international crimes: genocide, crimes
International Criminal Court (ICC). As of against humanity, war crimes, and
November 2019, there are 123 ICC member the crime of aggression.
states; 42 states have neither signed nor
become parties to the Rome Statute.

The court has jurisdiction over crimes Under the Rome Statute, the ICC
only if they are committed in the can only investigate and prosecute
territory of a state party or if they are the four core international crimes in
committed by a national of a state party situations where states are "unable"
or "unwilling" to do so themselves;
 The establishment of an international tribunal to judge political
1 leaders accused of international crimes was first proposed during
the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 following the First World
War by the Commission of Responsibilities.
The issue was addressed again at a conference held in Geneva under the
auspices of the League of Nations  in 1937, which resulted in the
HISTORY 2
conclusion of the first convention stipulating the establishment of a
permanent international court to try acts of international terrorism. The
convention was signed by 13 states, but none ratified it and the
convention never entered into force.
Following the Second World War, the allied powers established
3
two ad hoc tribunals to prosecute Axis leaders accused of war
crimes. The International Military Tribunal, which sat
in Nuremberg, prosecuted German leaders while the International
Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo prosecuted Japanese
leaders.
In 1948 the United Nations General Assembly first recognized the need for a
4 permanent international court to deal with atrocities of the kind prosecuted
after the Second World War. At the request of the General Assembly,
the International Law Commission (ILC) drafted two statutes by the early
1950s but these were shelved during the Cold War which made the
establishment of an international criminal court politically unrealistic.
Benjamin Ferencz Robert Kurt A. N. R. Robinson
vocal advocate of Woetzel
the establishment revived the idea of a
of Created the permanent
international rule Foundation for the international
of law and of an Establishment of criminal court by
international an International proposing the
criminal court. Criminal Court in creation of such a
1971. court to deal with
the illegal drug
trade.
 Following Trinidad and Tobago's proposal, the General Assembly tasked the
5 ILC with once again drafting a statute for a permanent court. While work
began on the draft, the United Nations Security Council established two ad
hoc tribunals in the early 1990s: The International Criminal Tribunal for the
former Yugoslavia, created in 1993 in response to large-scale atrocities
committed by armed forces during Yugoslav Wars, and the International
HISTORY Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, created in 1994 following the Rwandan
genocide. 

6 In 1994, the ILC presented its final draft statute for the International Criminal
Court to the General Assembly and recommended that a conference be
convened to negotiate a treaty that would serve as the Court's statute. To
consider major substantive issues in the draft statute, the General Assembly
established the Ad Hoc Committee on the Establishment of an International
Criminal Court, which met twice in 1995.

7 From 1996 to 1998, six sessions of the Preparatory Committee were held at
the United Nations headquarters in New York City, during which NGOs
provided input and attended meetings under the umbrella organisation of
the Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC). In January 1998,
the Bureau and coordinators of the Preparatory Committee convened for an
Inter-Sessional meeting in Zutphen in the Netherlands to technically
consolidate and restructure the draft articles into a draft.
 General Assembly convened a conference in Rome in June 1998, with the
8 aim of finalizing the treaty to serve as the Court's statute. On 17 July 1998,
the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted by a vote
of 120 to seven, with 21 countries abstaining. The seven countries that voted
against the treaty were China, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Qatar, the United States,
and Yemen. Israel's opposition to the treaty stemmed from the inclusion in
HISTORY the list of war crimes "the action of transferring population into occupied
territory".

9 Following 60 ratifications, the Rome Statute entered into force on 1 July 2002
and the International Criminal Court was formally established.

In 2010 the states parties of the Rome Statute held the first Review
10
Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal
Court in Kampala, Uganda.
 THE FOUR ORGANS

Presidency Judicial Divisions

• Responsible for the proper administration • The Judicial Divisions consist of the 18 judges of the Court,
of the Court. organized into three chambers—the Pre-Trial Chamber, Trial
•  It comprises the President and the First and Chamber and Appeals Chamber—which carry out the judicial
functions of the Court
Second Vice-Presidents—three judges of • They must be "persons of high moral character, impartiality and
the Court who are elected to the Presidency integrity who possess the qualifications required in their
by their fellow judges for a maximum of respective States for appointment to the highest judicial offices.
two three-year terms.

Office of the Prosecutor The Registry

• Responsible for conducting investigations and • Responsible for the non-judicial aspects of
prosecutions. the administration and servicing of the
• The Rome Statute provides that the Office of the Court.
Prosecutor shall act independently; as such, no member of • The Registry is headed by the Registrar, who
the Office may seek or act on instructions from any
external source, such as states, international organizations,
is elected by the judges to a five-year term.
non-governmental organizations or individuals.
ICC CONVICTIONS