COMPUTER

SYSTEM
 PEOPLE PROCEDURE DATA&INFORMATION

SIX
ELEMENTS

HARDWARE SOFTWARE COMMUNICATION

 • A group of related components and operations that
interact to perform a task.
• System is similar to a school.
• Principal, teachers, guidance councilor, doctor,
nurse and others must help each other to serve
the students and the community.
System • A system can be many things.
• It can be an enrollment day in your school.
• The admission of new students
• Selection of honor students.
• Here we are concerned with a technological kind of
system.
 Two Types of People
• Professionals

- Computer Professionals
• End-users

People -is a person probably like yourself.

• Simply a user is someone without much
technological knowledge about information
technology who uses computer for
entertainment, education or work-related
tasks.
• The end-user is not a technology expert but
one who knows enough about it.
 • Are descriptions on how things are done or are
steps for accomplishing a result.
• Sometimes, procedures are unstated.
• Procedures are laid out in great details in
manuals.
• For example, the procedure for making a
Procedures withdrawal or a deposit in an ATM
terminal are given in an on-screen messages.
•In other computer system, procedures are
spelled-out in manuals, which are also called
documentations contain instructions, rules or
guidelines to follow when using a hardware or
software.
 • Data consist of raw facts and figures that are processed into
information.
• It can be considered as raw materials whether in paper
or other from that is processed by the computer.
• Such materials can be letters, numbers or facts (such as
grades, names of the student, age, section and year
level).
•Information is an organized, meaningful and useful data.
•It is a summarized data or otherwise manipulated
Data&Informatio data that is useful for decision-making.
•In school, for instance, an instructor can enter various
n student grades (data) which can be processed to produce
final grades and perhaps a class average (information)
• Computers basically know only two things: on and off.
The two-state on/off system is called as binary system.

Student Name First Grading Second Grading Average

AESAAC JAMES 85 95 90
ALISSA JOANNA 80 95 87.5
ARIANNE JOY 85 9 87.5
 • The computer can construct sophisticated ways of
representing data “on” and “off” which are also
known as high-voltage and low-voltage, and are
represented in the hardware in terms of 0’s and 1’s.
• Each 0 and 1 in the binary system is called a bit for
Data & binary digit.
• It is the basic unit for storing data in the
Information computer memory.
• Bits are combined in groups of eight called bytes
to hold the equivalent of a character. A
character is a single letter, number or special
symbols such as punctuation mark or a dollar
sign.
 • Kilobyte – (K or KB) is equivalent to
approximately 1002 bytes but the figure is
commonly rounded-off. Kilobytes are common
unit of measure for data holding (memory)
capacity of personal computers.
Memory • Megabyte - (M or MB) is about 1 million bytes.
capacity • Gigabytes - )G or GB) is about 1 billion bytes.
This unit of measure is used not only with “big
iron” computers (main frames and
supercomputers) but also with newer personal
computers.
• Terabyte – (T or TB) is about 1 trillion bytes.
 Four Main Aspects of Data handling

1. Input Operation – the means of capturing

data (the raw, unsorted facts) is input device
or hardware.
2. Process Operation – Data is manipulated to
Hardware process or transform it into information (such
as summaries or total).
3. Output Operation – information which has
been processed from the data.
4. Storage Operation – data, information and
programs are stored in a computer-
processable form. Hard disk, USB flash drive.
 Input Hardware
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Peripheral Web Cam
Device Output Hardware
Screen/Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Headset
 • The brains of the computer are the processing
and main memory devices which is housed in
the computer’s system unit.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) – heart and
Processing brain of the computer system. It controls and
manipulates data to produce information.
and Memory • Memory – it is the computer’s work space
where data and programs for immediate
Hardware processing are held.
• Random Access Memory (RAM).
Temporary Storage
• Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Permanent Storage
 • Program consists of step-by-step instructions that
tell the computer how to perform a task.

Two major types of Software:

1. Application Software – easy to use programs
Software 2.
designed to perform specific goal or task.
System Software – programs that support the
execution and development of other programs.
Operating System - act as the master control
program that runs the computer and it provides
environment in which the user can execute
programs. MS-DOS, Windows 10, MacOS
 • It is the electronic transfer of data from one
place to another.

• It also refers to the electromagnetic devices

Communicatio and systems for communication.
• Voice
n •
•
Sound
Text
• Graphics
• Video
• Multimedia