USE OF PHONONIC MATERIALS IN THE

EARTHQUAKE RESISTING STRUCTURES

ROHAN SUNIL PAWAR

1032191941
2nd YEAR MTECH
 Contents
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 References
Introduction
Introduction
A periodic medium is a material or structural system that
exhibits some form of spatial periodicity−which can be
in the constituent material phases, or the internal
geometry, or the boundary conditions. The study of
periodic materials and structures has a long history in the
field of vibrations and acoustics with origins that can be
traced back to Newton’s first attempt to describe the
propagation of sound in air and Rayleigh’s early study of
continuous periodic structures
Introduction Contd...
The topic has grown to become of fundamental
importance in condensed matter physics due to the role
that atomic vibrations (and electronic structure) play in
determining the properties of crystals. The notion of a
“phonon” has emerged in this context, that of vibrations
in a crystal lattice. Formally defined as a quantum of
vibrational energy in an elastic medium−which may be
interpreted as a discrete particle-like quantity of sound in
a solid−the term has also been associated with classical
wave-like vibrations and acoustics, mainly in the context
of periodic media.
Introduction Contd...
Historical Origins

According to work on a periodic one-dimensional (1D) lattice

is the result of Newton’s attempt to derive the formula for the
velocity of sound in air. One can speculate that, because of
lack of knowledge of differential calculus, a natural approach
would have consisted in discretizing the continuous media
supporting the propagation of sound into a series of lumped
masses connected by a lumped spring. This process, which is
illustrated in Fig. 1, leads to a periodic system, which is
known to have a more complex wave behavior than the
original continuous system.
Introduction Contd...

Fig. 1: Discretization of a rod into a spring mass lattice

Introduction Contd...
Phononic Crystals
As mentioned earlier, a remarkable trait of phononic
materials/structures research is the broad interest across
disciplines. While research in composite materials and
periodic structures has evolved among mechanicians, the
notion of artificial periodicity has also been appealing to
the electromagnetics and photonics communities for a
review of historical developments in these areas).
Objectives
 Objectives Of Work
 To check the applicability of the phononic materials in the
earthquake resistant structures.

 Analysis of the structure using Etabs software if the materials

are found to be applicable.

 By analyzing all the data to suggest the use of the material in

the earthquake resistant structures.
Literature Survey
Literature Survey
Newton, I et al (1) studied a periodic medium is a material or structural system that
exhibits some form of spatial periodicity−which can be in the constituent material
phases, or the internal geometry, or the boundary conditions. The study of periodic
materials and structures has a long history in the field of vibrations and acoustics with
origins that can be traced back to Newton’s first attempt to describe the propagation of
sound in air
 
Sun, C. T., Achenbach, J. D., and Herrmann, G et al (2) Looking closely at the study
of periodic systems in the past half-century, we find that researchers in vibrations and
acoustics, and more broadly from the mechanics community at large, have conducted a
considerable amount of work on key theoretical foundations, concepts and analysis
techniques that are relevant to periodic systems in other, nonmechanics disciplines.
Arguably the two most motivating applications in mechanics, going back to the 1950’s,
and extending through the 1990’s and beyond, have been composite materials (which
conveniently have been modelled as periodic materials)
 
Kittel, C., and Kittel, B. C et al (3) A phononic crystal is a composite or
non-uniform material consisting of one, two or more material phases (solid
and/or fluid) arranged periodically in space. This is not much different from
periodic
 composite materials studied earlier in the engineering literature,
with the only difference that more rigor is applied in the treatment of
symmetry by borrowing concepts from crystallography
 
Nemat-Nasser, S et al (4) A continuum theory was developed therein to
describe the dynamic behaviour of a laminated composite by expressing the
displacements of the reinforcing and the matrix layers as two-term
expansions of the layers’ mid-planes. The accuracy of the theory was
estimated by evaluating the dispersion curves for waves with polarizations
normal and parallel to the layering and comparing them with exact curves.
Variational formulations for the analysis of harmonic wave propagation in
periodic elastic composites were presented
Murakami, H., and Akiyama, A et al (5) In several studies, the transfer
matrix approach and other, similar matrix based calculations are applied to
investigate dispersion properties and the propagation of harmonic waves
through the thickness of composites of general in-plane anisotropy. Mixture
theories for the estimation of equivalent stiffness and mass properties of
layered structures have also been pursued by other authors
 
Muller, H. L et al (6)The periodicity was introduced by either simple
supports or by point masses located at regular intervals. The periodic beam is
an example of a mono-coupled periodic system whereby each unit cell
communicates with its neighbours through a single degree of freedom. Its
wave characteristics at any frequency are therefore described by a single
wave mode and by a single pair of equal and opposite propagation constants
Lin, Y. K., and McDaniel, T. J et al (7)Most of these systems and their
propagation characteristics can be conveniently investigated through the
formulation of a transfer matrix. Its repeated application through the number
of cells composing a finite periodic system leads to the estimation of natural
frequencies and mode shapes. In addition, the analysis of a single unit allows
the estimation of the dispersion relations according to a procedure briefly
summarized later in this paper
 
Mead, D. M., 1996 et al (8)Many noted contributions in this area are
attributed to D.J. Mead and his co-workers at the University of Southampton,
which has been a hotbed of activities starting from the 1960’s. An excellent
review of their work has been produced
Elachi, C., 1976 et al (9)A remarkable trait of phononic materials/structures
research is the broad interest across disciplines. While research in composite
materials and periodic structures has evolved among mechanicians, the notion
of artificial periodicity has also been appealing to the electromagnetics and
photonics communities As research in phononic crystals continued to grow,
other configurations were proposed for example by Torrent and Sanchez-
Dehesa , who considered a radial phononic ´ crystal for which a frequency
band diagram was calculated for wave motion in radial coordinates
 
Torrent, D., and Sanchez- Dehesa, J et al (10)The dilapidation survey of
apartment buildings will provide help to the homeowners and developers to
make more informed decisions regarding the development as well as
management approaches of residential buildings with a view for achieving
sustainability. With the increase in the number of residential developments
throughout the nation, there is a need for developers to provide more
concentration and attention on all the possible factors that can cause damage to
the buildings and disturb the comfort of people
PHONONIC MATERIALS
 REFERENCES
[1] Newton, I., 1686. Principia - Book II. Imprimatur S, Pepys . Reg. Soc. Preses.
[2] Sun, C. T., Achenbach, J. D., and Herrmann, G., 1968. “Time-harmonic waves in a stratified medium
propagating in the direction of the layering”. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 35, p. 408.
[3] Kittel, C., and Kittel, B. C., 1976. “Introduction to solid state physics”. Wiley New York.
[4] Nemat-Nasser, S., 1972. “General variational methods for waves in elastic composites” Journal of
Elasticity, 2(2), pp. 73–90
[5] Murakami, H., and Akiyama, A., 1985. “A mixture theory for wave propagation in angle-ply laminates,
part 2: application”. Journal of applied mechanics, 52, p. 338
[6] Muller, H. L., 1957. “Biegewellen-d ¨ ammung an sym ¨ metrischen und exzentrischen sperrmassen”.
Frequent, 11(10), pp. 325–331.
[7] Lin, Y. K., and McDaniel, T. J., 1969. “Dynamics of beam-type periodic structures”. Journal of
Engineering for Industry, 91, p. 1141.
[8] Mead, D. M., 1996. “Wave propagation in continuous periodic structures: research contributions from
southampton, 1964-1995”. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 190(3), pp. 495–524.
[9] Elachi, C., 1976. “Waves in active and passive periodic structures: A review”. Proceedings of the IEEE,
64, pp. 1666–1698.
[10] Torrent, D., and Sanchez- Dehesa, J., 2009. “Ra- ´ dial wave crystals: radially periodic structures from
anisotropic metamaterials for engineering acoustic or electromagnetic waves”. Physical review letters,
103(6), p. 64301
Thank You