Multiplexers and Demultiplexers,

Encoders and Decoders

Multiplexers
 Multiplexers

Multiplexer :
 N selector inputs
 2N data inputs
 1 output

Multiplexer berfungsi meneruskan data input
yang terpilih ke data output.
 Nilai selector input menetukan data input
yang dipilih untuk diteruskan ke output
 Typical Application of a MUX
Multiple Sources Selector Single Destination

MP3 Player
Docking Station

D0
Laptop
D1

MUX
Sound Card Y
D2

D3

Surround Sound System

Digital B A Selected Source

Satellite
0 0 MP3
0 1 Laptop
1 0 Satellite
Digital
Cable TV 1 1 Cable TV
4
 Multiplexers

Data
inputs S Z
0 I0
Selector 1 I1
input
Z = A′.I0 + A.I1
 2 to 1 MUX

I0

I1
 Multiplexers

A B F
0 0 I0
0 1 I1
1 0 I2
1 1 I3

MSB LSB

Z = A′.B'.I0 + A'.B.I1 + A.B'.I2 + A.B.I3

4-to-1 Multiplexer (MUX)
D0
D1

MUX
Y
D2
D3

B A

B A Y

0 0 D0

0 1 D1

1 0 D2

1 1 D3
8
 4-to-1 Multiplexer Waveforms
D0

D1
Input
Data
D2

D3

A Select
Line

Output
Y Data 9

D0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3
 Multiplexers
A B C F
0 0 0 I0
0 0 1 I1
0 1 0 I2
0 1 1 I3
1 0 0 I4
1 0 1 I5
1 1 0 I6
1 1 1 I7

MSB LSB

Z = A′.B'.C'.I0 + A'.B'.C.I1 + A'.B.C'.I2 + A'.B.C.I3 +

A.B'.C'.I0 + A.B'.C.I1 + A'.B.C'.I2 + A.B.C.I3
Multiplexers
Multiplexer (Bus)

ECE 331 - Digital System Design

Demultiplexers
 Demultiplexers
 Demultiplexer has
 N selector inputs
 1 data input
 2N outputs
 Demultiplexer meneruskan data input ke output yang
terpilih
 Nilai dari selector input menetukan data input
diteruskan ke output yang mana
 Demultiplexer bekerja berkebalikan dengan
multiplexer
Typical Application of a DEMUX
Single Source Selector Multiple Destinations

B/W Laser
Printer

Fax
Machine

D0

DEMUX
X D1

D2 Color Inkjet
Printer
D3

B A Selected Destination
0 0 B/W Laser Printer Pen
Plotter
0 1 Fax Machine
1 0 Color Inkjet Printer
1 1 Pen Plotter
15
 Demultiplexers
Out0 W W = A'.B'.I
Out1 X X = A.B'.I
I In Out2 Y
Out3 Z Y = A'.B.I
S 1 S0 Z = A.B.I

A B
A B W X Y Z
0 0 I 0 0 0
0 1 0 I 0 0
1 0 0 0 I 0
1 1 0 0 0 I
1-to-4 De-Multiplexer (DEMUX)
D0

DEMUX
D1
X
D2
D3

B A

B A D0 D1 D2 D3

0 0 X 0 0 0

0 1 0 X 0 0

1 0 0 0 X 0

1 1 0 0 0 X
 1-to-4 De-Multiplexer Waveforms
Input
X Data

S0
Select
Line
S1

D0

D1
Output
Data
D2

D3
Decoders
 Decoders
 A decoder has
 N inputs
 2N outputs
 A decoder selects one outputs by decoding
the binary value on the N inputs.
 Decoders
W = A'.B'
Out0 W
B I0 Out1 X X = A’.B
A I1 Out2 Y Y = A.B’
Out3 Z
msb Z = A.B
Active-high outputs

A B W X Y Z
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1
 Decoders
W = (A'.B')'
Out0 W
B I0 Out1 X y = (A.B')'
A I1 Out2 Y x = (A'.B)'
Out3 Z
msb Z = (A.B)'
Active-low outputs

A B W X Y Z
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 0
 Decoders
msb
 Decoder with Enable
Out0 W
B I0
high-level Out1 X
enable A I1
Out2 Y
Out3 Z
Enable En

En A B W X Y Z
1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 0
enabled
1 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 1
disabled 0 x x 0 0 0 0
 Decoder with Enable
Out0 W
B I0
low-level Out1 X
enable A I1
Out2 Y
Out3 Z
Enable En

En A B W X Y Z
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0
enabled
0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1
disabled 1 x x 0 0 0 0
Encoders
 Encoders
 An encoder has
 2N inputs
 N outputs

An encoder outputs the binary value of the selected
(or active) input.

An encoder performs the inverse operation of a
decoder.

Issues
 What if more than one input is active?
 What if no inputs are active?
 Encoders
D I0
C I1 Out0 Z
B I2
Out1 Y

A I3

A B C D Y Z
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
 Priority Encoders
 If more than one input is active, the higher-order input
has priority over the lower-order input.
 The higher value is encoded on the output
 A valid indicator, d, is included to indicate whether or
not the output is valid.
 Output is invalid when no inputs are active

d=0
 Output is valid when at least one input is active

d=1
Why is the valid indicator needed?
Priority Encoders
msb

Valid bit
Questions?