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Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation: Dr. Sebastian Valcea

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique used when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It involves chest compressions to pump blood to vital organs until emergency help arrives. For untrained bystanders, hands-only CPR with chest compressions is recommended. Trained individuals should check for breathing and a pulse and begin CPR with 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. CPR should be continued until emergency responders take over or signs of life return. The procedure is similar for adults, children, and infants but differs slightly for newborns less than 4 weeks old.

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152 views16 pages

Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation: Dr. Sebastian Valcea

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique used when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It involves chest compressions to pump blood to vital organs until emergency help arrives. For untrained bystanders, hands-only CPR with chest compressions is recommended. Trained individuals should check for breathing and a pulse and begin CPR with 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. CPR should be continued until emergency responders take over or signs of life return. The procedure is similar for adults, children, and infants but differs slightly for newborns less than 4 weeks old.

Uploaded by

Ana Maria
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cardio-Pulmonary

Resuscitation
Dr. Sebastian Valcea
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving
technique useful in many emergencies, including a heart
attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or
heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart Association
recommends that everyone — untrained bystanders and
medical personnel alike — begin CPR with chest
compressions.

It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if


you're fearful that your knowledge or abilities aren't 100
percent complete. Remember, the difference between your
doing something and doing nothing could be someone's life.
Advice from the American Heart Association

Untrained. If you're not trained in CPR, then provide hands-only


CPR. That means uninterrupted chest compressions of 100 to 120 a
minute until paramedics arrive . You don't need to try rescue
breathing.

Trained and ready to go. If you're well-trained and confident in your


ability, check to see if there is a pulse and breathing. If there is no
breathing or a pulse within 10 seconds, begin chest compressions.
Start CPR with 30 chest compressions before giving two rescue
breaths.

Trained but rusty. If you've previously received CPR training but


you're not confident in your abilities, then just do chest compressions
at a rate of 100 to 120 a minute.
The above advice applies to adults, children and infants needing
CPR, but not newborns (infants up to 4 weeks old).

CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other
vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a
normal heart rhythm.

When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause
brain damage in only a few minutes. A person may die within
eight to 10 minutes.

The procedure for giving CPR to a child age 1 through puberty is


essentially the same as that for an adult.
Before you begin
Before starting CPR, check:
• Is the environment safe for the person?
• Is the person conscious or unconscious?
• If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her
shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?"
• If the person doesn't respond and two people are available,
have one person call 911 or the local emergency number and
get the AED, if one is available, and have the other person
begin CPR.
• If you are alone and have immediate access to a telephone,
call 911 or your local emergency number before beginning
CPR. Get the AED, if one is available.
• As soon as an AED is available, deliver one shock if
instructed by the device, then begin CPR.
Remember to spell C-A-B
The American Heart Association uses the letters C-A-B — compressions, airway,
breathing — to help people remember the order to perform the steps of CPR.
Compressions: Restore blood circulation

1. Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.


2. Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
3. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest,
between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand.
Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above
your hands.
4. Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push
straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches
(approximately 5 centimeters) but not greater than 2.4 inches
(approximately 6 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of 100 to 120
compressions a minute.
5. If you haven't been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions
until there are signs of movement or until emergency medical
personnel take over. If you have been trained in CPR, go on to
opening the airway and rescue breathing.
Airway: Open the airway

If you're trained in CPR and you've performed 30 chest


compressions, open the person's airway using the head-tilt,
chin-lift maneuver. Put your palm on the person's forehead and
gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand, gently lift
the chin forward to open the airway.
Breathing: Breathe for the person
Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth
is seriously injured or can't be opened.
1. With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut
for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal.
2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath — lasting one
second — and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the
chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second
breath. Thirty chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths is considered one
cycle. Be careful not to provide too many breaths or to breathe with too much force.
3. Resume chest compressions to restore circulation.
4. As soon as an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it and follow
the prompts. Administer one shock, then resume CPR — starting with chest
compressions — for two more minutes before administering a second shock. If you're not
trained to use an AED, a 911 or other emergency medical operator may be able to guide
you in its use. If an AED isn't available, go to step 5 below.
5. Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or emergency medical personnel
take over.
CPR on a baby 4 weeks old and older

Most cardiac arrests in babies occur from lack of oxygen, such as from drowning or
choking. If you know the baby has an airway obstruction, perform first aid for
choking. If you don't know why the baby isn't breathing, perform CPR.

To begin, examine the situation. Stroke the baby and watch for a response, such as
movement, but don't shake the baby.

If there's no response, follow the C-A-B procedures below for a baby under age 1
(except newborns, which includes babies up to 4 weeks old) and time the call for
help as follows:
• If you're the only rescuer and you didn't see the baby collapse, do CPR for two
minutes — about five cycles — before calling 911 or your local emergency number
and getting the AED. If you did see the baby collapse, call 911 or your local
emergency number and get the AED, if one is available, before beginning CPR.
• If another person is available, have that person call for help immediately and get
the AED while you attend to the baby.
Compressions: Restore blood circulation
1 Place the baby on his or her back on a firm, flat surface,
such as a table. The floor or ground also will do.
2 Imagine a horizontal line drawn between the baby's nipples.
Place two fingers of one hand just below this line, in the center
of the chest.
3 Gently compress the chest about 1.5 inches (about 4
centimeters).
4 Count aloud as you pump in a fairly rapid rhythm. You
should pump at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute.

Airway: Open the airway


• After 30 compressions, gently tip the head back by lifting
the chin with one hand and pushing down on the forehead with
the other hand.
Breathing: Breathe for the baby

1 Cover the baby's mouth and nose with your mouth.


2 Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Use the strength of your
cheeks to deliver gentle puffs of air (instead of deep breaths from your
lungs) to slowly breathe into the baby's mouth one time, taking one
second for the breath. Watch to see if the baby's chest rises. If it does,
give a second rescue breath. If the chest does not rise, repeat the
head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath.
3 If the baby's chest still doesn't rise, continue chest compressions.
4 Give two breaths after every 30 chest compressions. If two people
are conducting CPR, give two breaths after every 15 chest
compressions.
5 Perform CPR for about two minutes before calling for help unless
someone else can make the call while you attend to the infant.
6 Continue CPR until you see signs of life or until medical personnel
arrive.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JlrJDrqfhc

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