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Radiation Detectors

Portable radiation detectors are used to detect ionizing radiation that cannot be sensed by humans. There are four main types of radiation instruments: 1) portable radiation monitors, 2) area radiation monitors, 3) personal dosimeters, and 4) monitors for internal radiation contamination. Portable radiation monitors are battery-operated devices like Geiger counters that are used at radiation facilities to ensure radiation levels are within safe limits. Area radiation monitors provide indications of external radiation levels in areas with ionizing radiation and can sound alarms if levels exceed thresholds. Both portable and area monitors use detectors like GM tubes or ionization chambers.

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65 views

Radiation Detectors

Portable radiation detectors are used to detect ionizing radiation that cannot be sensed by humans. There are four main types of radiation instruments: 1) portable radiation monitors, 2) area radiation monitors, 3) personal dosimeters, and 4) monitors for internal radiation contamination. Portable radiation monitors are battery-operated devices like Geiger counters that are used at radiation facilities to ensure radiation levels are within safe limits. Area radiation monitors provide indications of external radiation levels in areas with ionizing radiation and can sound alarms if levels exceed thresholds. Both portable and area monitors use detectors like GM tubes or ionization chambers.

Uploaded by

aisyah
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© © All Rights Reserved
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RADIATION

DETECTION
RADIATION DETECTORS

Ionizing radiations cannot be detected by the


human senses

Appropriate instruments are necessary to


detect and measure them.

All methods of detection of ionizing radiation are based on the


ability of such radiation to cause ionization, directly or
indirectly
TYPES OF
R A D I AT I O N
INSTURMENT

4 types of Radiation Instrument

1 2 3 4
a) Portable Radiation c) Personal d) Monitors for Internal
b) Area radiation
Monitor Dosimeters Radiation
monitors
Contamination

WORK PLAN SUBMISSION


a) PORTABLE RADIATION MONITORS

• These are battery operated hand held meters, such as Geiger


counters and scintillation counters.

Geiger counter scintillation counters

• They are used at radiation facilities and work sites to ensure that the radiation level is within the
limits specified in the Radiation Protection(Ionizing Radiation)
• The radioactive source must be return to its safe position or to check that contamination of
surfaces has not occurred
Portable radiation monitors usually consist of a probe or detecting head and
the associated electronic circuitry

The probe contains the detector, Such as A GM


tube, ionization chamber or sodium iodide crystal

Sometimes, it is fitted with a removable shield


to allow
measurements in mixed radiation fields.

JOB SUMMARY REVIEW


HOW GM WORKS ????
1) Radiation enters tube through the Thin Mica window
2) ) Radiation collides with gas molecules in the tube, it causes ionization: some of the
gas molecules are turned into positive ions and electrons
3) Positive ion attract to the metal tube (Cathode) while electron attract to the Central
Wire (Anode)
4) Many electrons travel down the wire making a burst of current in a circuit connected to
it. The electrons make a meter needle deflect
5) Before the counter can detect any more radiation, it needs to be restored to its original
state, electron will flow to the metal tube and neutralize it.
b)AREA RADIATION MONITOR
Most portable survey meters are intended for dose rate measurements, while
some have integrating facilities, which enable the total dose in a given time
to be recorded.

Portable radiation monitors must be calibrated at


periodic intervals in a radiation calibration facility.

• The prime purpose of this type of monitoring instrument is to give an indication of the external radiation levels present in
an area where ionizing radiations are present.
• In some cases, it sound an alarm if the level exceeds a predetermined value.
• Area radiation monitoring systems usually are designed to respond to gamma radiation and may use either GM tubes or
ionization chambers in the detecting heads.
1

Example of area of
radiation monitor

JOB SUMMARY REVIEW


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