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Exhaust System

The exhaust system has several components that work together to reduce emissions and noise from the vehicle. The catalytic converter uses platinum and other precious metals to convert harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into less harmful gases. It works efficiently at high temperatures. The muffler cancels out engine noise using internal baffles and chambers to offset sound waves. Corrosion and rust can cause common problems in the exhaust system over time.

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Arvind Katyayan
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101 views

Exhaust System

The exhaust system has several components that work together to reduce emissions and noise from the vehicle. The catalytic converter uses platinum and other precious metals to convert harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into less harmful gases. It works efficiently at high temperatures. The muffler cancels out engine noise using internal baffles and chambers to offset sound waves. Corrosion and rust can cause common problems in the exhaust system over time.

Uploaded by

Arvind Katyayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exhaust System

Exhaust system components:

 Catalytic Converter

 Muffler

 Resonator

 Tail pipe
Catalytic converter

 Came about in 1975.


 It converts harmfull pollutants into less harmful emissions .
The main emissions of a car
engine
1-Nitrogen gas (N2 )

ِAir is 78-percent nitrogen gas .

2- Carbon dioxide (CO2)

This is a product of combustion, the carbon in the fuel bonds


with the oxygen in the air.

3-Water vapor ( H2O)

This id a product of combustion , the hydrogen in the fuel


bonds with the oxygen in the air.
Catalytic converter are designed to
reduce all three

1- Carbon Monoxide (co)

Is a poisonous gas that is colorless and odorless.

2- Hydrocarbons or volatile organic compounds (Vocs)

Are major component of smog .

3- Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2 called Nox)

Are a contributor to smog and acid rain.


Catalytic converter structure

There are two different types of catalyst at work

1- a reduction catalyst .

2- and an oxidation catalyst .

Both types of aceramic structure coated with a metal catalyst


,usually platinum , rhodium and or palladium.
How catalytic converter work
 A- The Reduction catalyst .

Is the first stage of the catalytic converter , it uses platinum and


rhodium to help reduce the nox emission.

 B-The oxidation catalyst

is the second stage of the catalytic converter. It reduces the


unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.

 C- Control system (O2 sensor )

that monitors the exhaust stream, and uses this information to


control the fuel injection system .
The catalytic converter works
efficiently at a fairly high
temperature
We can reach this By :

 1- move the catalytic converter closer to the engine .

 2- preheating the catalytic converter .


Catalytic converter in diesel
engines
Do not work as well in reducing Nox.
2- Muffler

Cancel out most of an engine’s noise .(sound wave).


Where Does the sound
come from ?
Pulses are created when an exhaust valve opens and a burst
of high – pressure gas suddenly enters the exhaust system.
How can you cancel out
sounds?
 If the first wave is at its maximum pressure , the
second wave is at its minimum .
If both of these waves hit your ear drum , you wouldnot
hear anything.
Inside a Muffler
Resonator
Common problems:

 1- corrosion… or more commonly known as Rust


 2- short trips .
 3- oxygen sensor wearing .
 4-The rust in the muffler .
 5- the catalytic converter will become clogged.
References :

 http://auto.howstuffworks.com/turbo.htm
 http://auto.howstuffworks.com/muffler.htm

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