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Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum represents the range of different types of electromagnetic radiation. It ranges from radio waves, which have the longest wavelengths, to gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequency. The electromagnetic spectrum includes invisible wavelengths like radio waves, as well as visible light. Different types of electromagnetic radiation have diverse applications, such as using radio waves for television signals, microwaves for cooking, infrared for night vision, ultraviolet for document security, x-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for cancer treatment.

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96 views33 pages

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum represents the range of different types of electromagnetic radiation. It ranges from radio waves, which have the longest wavelengths, to gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequency. The electromagnetic spectrum includes invisible wavelengths like radio waves, as well as visible light. Different types of electromagnetic radiation have diverse applications, such as using radio waves for television signals, microwaves for cooking, infrared for night vision, ultraviolet for document security, x-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for cancer treatment.

Uploaded by

Tamayo Kivs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetic

Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum

•  It is the term used by scientists to describe the


entire range of light that exists. From radio waves
to gamma rays.
• EM Waves are arranged in an EM Spectrum based
on their Frequency, Wavelength, and photon
energy
• It represents the range of energy from low energy,
low frequency with long wavelengths up to high
energy, high frequency with small wavelengths
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Most of the light in the universe is, in fact, invisible
to us.
• Light is a wave of alternating electric and magnetic
fields.
• Forms of electromagnetic radiation like radio
waves, light waves or infrared (heat) waves make
characteristic patterns as they travel through
space.
• Each wave has a certain shape and length. The
distance between peaks (high points) is called
wavelength.
Wavelength
The Electromagnetic Spectrum

• It is one of the fundamentals of the


universe and visible light is incredibly
important to humans and a vast array of
natural organisms

• The EM Spectrum is radiation energy


that travels and spends out as it goes
Examples of EM Radiation

1. Radio Waves
Have the longest wavelengths in the
electromagnetic spectrum
These waves can be longer than a football field
With wavelengths that range from less than a
centimeter to tens or even hundreds of meters.
Used to transmit radio and television signals
Radio Waves
Examples of EM Radiation

2. Microwaves
These are extremely high frequency radio
waves
With very short wavelengths ranging
approximately one millimeter (as thick as pencil
lead) to 30 centimeters
They can be found between very high frequency
(infrared) waves and conventional radio waves
2. Microwaves
• Microwaves are made by various types of
transmitter

• Transmitter- an electronic device which with


the aid of antenna produces radio waves.

• Microwaves are used in telecommunication


such as mobile phones
Other uses of Microwaves
• Fixed traffic speed camera
• In cooking food
• Radar- to determine the range, altitude,
direction, or speed of both moving and fixed
objects such as AIRCRAFT, SHIPS, SPACECRAFT,
MISSILES, MOTOR VEHICLES AND WEATHER
FORMATIONS.
• It is also used in electron paramagnetic
resonance spectroscopy (EPR OR ESR)
Other uses of Microwaves
• Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
or electron spin
resonance (ESR) spectroscopy 
-is a method for studying materials with
unpaired electrons.
Examples of EM Radiation
3. Infrared
 It was discovered by Sir William Herschel in
1800 by passing sunlight through a prism
3. Infrared
• With wavelengths longer than that of the
visible light.
• Two types of Infrared light
a. Near Infrared Light
-is closest in wavelength to the visible light
b. Far Infrared Light
- Closest in wavelength to the microwave region
of the EM Spectrum
3. Infrared
• Near infrared light are not hot at all.
Examples:
Infrared light that are used in a TV’s remote
control
• Far Infrared Lights are THERMAL which means
they can be experience in the form of heat
such as SUNLIGHT and FIRE.
Examples of EM Radiation
4. Visible Light or simply LIGHT
- It is the portion of EM radiation that is visible to
human eye.
- Light waves are given off by anything that’s hot
enough to glow.
- We see the light waves as the colors of the
rainbow. (Each color has a different wavelengths)
- RED has the longest wavelength and violet has the
shortest wavelegnth
Examples of EM Radiation
5. Ultraviolet
 It is an EM radiation with a wavelength shorter
than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
 It is named because the spectrum consists of
electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher
than those that humans identify as the color
violet.
 It is produced by high temperature surfaces such
as the sun.
5. Ultraviolet
• Most ultraviolet is classified as non-ionizing radiation.
• Non-ionizing Radiation refers to any type of
electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough
energy.
• Examples:
UV Rays are used to prevent counterfeiters.
Sensitive documents such as credit cards and passports
include UV watermarks that is only seen under UV
emitting light.
Other importance of Ultraviolet Radiation

• It is important in crime scene


-investigators can detect and locate semen,
saliva, and other bodily fluids using high UV rays.
On the other hand, too much exposure to this
EM radiation may lead to:
SKIN CANCER
MELANOMA
EYE PROBLEMS such as PHOTOKERATITIS
Examples of EM Radiation
6. X-rays
 Are high energy waves and shorter
wavelength which have great penetrating
power and are used extensively in medical
applications.
 Roentgen Radiation
 Willhelm Conrad Roentgen
This is the first X-ray image
ever taken by Wilhelm Conrad
Roentgen, who discovered X-
rays in 1895.

It was the hand of his wife.


The shadows of her finger
bones and wedding ring are
all visible
Uses of X-rays
• Computer-assisted tomography (Hospitals)
• Baggage Scanner (Airport Terminals)

Note: Overexposure to x-rays may lead to Cancer


Gamma Rays
• Are generated by radioactive atoms and in
nuclear explosions
• Used in many medical applications
• More penetrating than x-rays
• Images of our universe taken in gamma rays
have yielded important information on the life
and death of stars and other processes in the
universe
7. Gamma Rays
• Cancer-causing properties
• Used to treat some types of cancer in the
procedure called “Gamma-knife Surgery”

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