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Forest Monitoring System

The document describes a forest monitoring system that uses various sensors connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller to detect fires, smuggling, temperature, humidity, gas levels, sound, and human presence. It provides details on the LoRa technology and architecture used to transmit sensor data to a server. Specifications are given for the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, MQ2 gas sensor, PIR motion sensor, LM393 sound sensor, and ESP8266 microcontroller. The sensors are interfaced with the ESP8266 and sample data is transmitted using LoRa to detect issues in the forest in real-time.

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17O3099 Sandhya S.
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34 views

Forest Monitoring System

The document describes a forest monitoring system that uses various sensors connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller to detect fires, smuggling, temperature, humidity, gas levels, sound, and human presence. It provides details on the LoRa technology and architecture used to transmit sensor data to a server. Specifications are given for the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, MQ2 gas sensor, PIR motion sensor, LM393 sound sensor, and ESP8266 microcontroller. The sensors are interfaced with the ESP8266 and sample data is transmitted using LoRa to detect issues in the forest in real-time.

Uploaded by

17O3099 Sandhya S.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DETECTION OF FIRE

AND TREE SMUGGLING


IN FOREST
NEED FOR MONITORING SYSTEMS
• Forests are important in the ecosystem
on earth as they are the main producers
of oxygen to mankind.
• When forest fire occurs, there will be a
lot of harm to humans, ranging from
air pollution to the destruction of
natural ecosystem, animals will lose
their lives and their place of residence.
• Smuggling in forests represents great
damage to environment assets and
causes critical financial harm.
LoRa TECHNOLOGY
• LoRa Technology is the DNA of IoT,
connecting sensors to the Cloud and
enabling real-time communication of
data and analytics that can be
utilized to enhance efficiency and
productivity.
• A typical LoRa WAN network can
reach beyond 10km.
LoRa WAN ARCHITECTURE
MONITORING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Temperature
– Humidity Battery
Sensor

Gas Sensor LoRa Module Server

Micro
Controller
PIR Sensor Water Pump

Sound
Detection GPS
Sensor
ESP8266 DEVELOPMENT BOARD
SPECIFICATIONS
• Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU
Xtensa LX106
• Operating Voltage: 3.3V
• Input Voltage: 7-12V
• Flash Memory: 4 MB
• SRAM: 64 KB
• Clock Speed: 80 MHz
• USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included
onboard, Enabling Plug n Play
• PCB Antenna
• Small Sized module to fit smartly inside your
IoT project
ESP8266 PIN DIAGRAM

PIN CATEGORY NAME


Power Micro-USB, 3.3V, GND,
Vin
Control Pins EN, RST

Analog Pin A0

GPIO Pins GPIO1 to GPIO16

SPI Pins SD1, CMD, SD0, CLK

UART Pins TXD0, RXD0, TXD2,


RXD2
I2C Pins
DHT11 -
TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY SENSOR
• It is a single wire digital humidity and
temperature sensor, which provides
humidity and temperature values
serially with one-wire protocol.
• The sensor provides relative humidity
value in percentage and temperature
values in degree Celsius.
• The sensor uses resistive humidity
measurement component, and NTC
temperature measurement component.
• It is a 4-pin sensor, these pins are VCC,
DATA, GND and one pin is not in use.
DHT11 SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS
• Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V
• Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
• Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
• Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
• Accuracy: ±2°C and ±5%
• Sampling rate: 1Hz (once every second)
• Body size: 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm
• 4 pins with 0.1" spacing
INTERFACING DHT11 SENSOR
WITH ESP8266
DHT 11 PIN ESP 8266 PIN

GND GND

DATA PIN D1

VCC 3V3
MQ2 –
GAS SENSOR
• A MQ2 gas sensor is a device which detects the
presence or concentration of gases in the
atmosphere.
• It is a 4 pin sensor, these pins are VCC, GND,
Digital out and Analog out.
• These sensors are available as modules with
comparators. These comparators can be set for a
particular threshold value of gas concentration.
• When the concentration of the gas exceeds this
threshold the digital pin goes high.
• The analog pin can be used to measure the
concentration of the gas.
MQ2 SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Detects: LPG, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen,
CO , Methane and Smoke
• Analog output voltage: 0V to 5V
• Digital Output Voltage: 0V or 5V (TTL Logic)
• Preheat duration: 20 seconds
• Can be used as a digital or analog sensor.
• The sensitivity of digital pin can be varied
using the potentiometer.
INTERFACING MQ2 SENSOR
WITH ESP8266
MQ2 PIN ESP8266 PIN

GND GND

VCC Vin

Analog Out A0
PIR SENSOR
• The Passive Infrared sensor can detect
the presence of human beings or
animals.
• This sensor has three output pins VCC,
Output and Ground.
• There are two operating modes in this
sensor such as Repeatable(H) and Non-
Repeatable(L) mode. The Repeatable
mode is the default mode. 
• There are two potentiometers that can
be used to set the sensitivity and time.
PIR SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS
• Working voltage range: 4.5V- 20V DC
• Voltage output: High/Low level signal (3.3V
TTL output)
• Detection distance: 3 to 7m (can be adjusted)
• Sensitive setting: Right, distance increases (about
7m); Left, distance reduce (about 3m)
• Time setting: Right, time increases (about 200s);
Left, time reduce (about 5s)
• Working temperature: -20 to +80°C
• Dimension: 3.2cm x 2.4cm x 1.8cm
INTERFACING PIR SENSOR WITH
ESP8266

PIR SENSOR PIN ESP8266 PIN

GND GND

VCC 3V3

OUTPUT D2
LM393-
SOUND DETECTION SENSOR
• Sound detection sensor module detects the
intensity of sound where sound is detected
via a microphone and fed into an LM393
op-amp.
• It comprises an onboard potentiometer to
adjust the setpoint for sound level.
• When the sound level exceeds the set
point, an LED on the module is
illuminated and the output is set low.
• The sensor has four pins namely, VCC,
GND, Analog out and Digital out.
LM393 SOUND SENSOR
SPECIFICATIONS
• Operating Voltage: 3.3V to 5V DC
• LM393 comparator with threshold preset
• Induction distance: 0.5 Meter
• Operating current:  4mA to 5 mA
• Microphone Sensitivity (1kHz): 52 to 48 dB
• PCB Size: 3.4cm x 1.6cm
INTERFACING LM393 SOUND
SENSOR WITH ESP8266

LM383 SOUND ESP8266 PIN


SENSOR PIN
GND GND

VCC 3V3

OUT A0
REFERENCES
[1] Adnan et al, “Forest Fire Detection using LoRa Wireless Mesh Topology”,
IEEE,
2nd East Indonesian Conference on Computer and Information Technology,
2018.
[2] Korapati Prasanti et al, “Preventive system for forest property using wireless
communication”, IEEE, 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing
and Communications Systems, 2019.
THANK YOU

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