DEBATE &

ADJUDICATION
BRIEFING
Agenda
• Structure (Asian Parliamentary Debate) • Government & Opposition Whip
• Reply Speeches
– Room Setup
– Speaking Order – Points Of Information (POI)
– Timing • Judging
– Rules – The Average Reasonable Person
• Assessment of debate vs. entering
• The Debate debate
– Motion – Elements of Debate
• Types of Motions • Matter, Manner , Method
• Types of Debate • Substantive Matter and Argumentation
• Definitions – Weighing/ Prioritizing Clashes
– Rules of Definition • New Matter and Late Development of
– Definitional Challenge Matter
– Team Roles (Proposition vs. Opposition) – Scoring
• Positive matter vs. Negative case • Team Scores
• Counter Proposal • Speaker Scores
– Speaker Roles – Margin
• Prime Minister – Filling the Ballot Sheet
• Leader of opposition
– Time Management
• Deputy Prime Minister
– Oral Adjudication
• Deputy Leader of Opposition
– Tabulation System
CHAPTER 1
STRUCTURE (ASIAN PARLIAMENTARY
DEBATE)
 Asian Parliamentary
• Structure
– Room Setup Teams
– Speaking
Order
3 Debaters (per team)
– Timing 2 Teams (per debate)
– Rules
• The Debate At least 1 Adjudicator (per room)
• Judging
 ROOM SETUP
• Structure
– Room Setup
– Speaking
Order
– Timing
– Rules
• The Debate
• Judging
 ROOM SETUP
• Structure
– Room Setup
– Speaking
Order
– Timing
– Rules
• The Debate
• Judging
 FORMAT (ROOM SETUP)
• Structure
– Room Setup
– Speaking
Order
– Timing
– Rules
• The Debate
• Judging
 ROOM SETUP
• Structure
– Room Setup
– Speaking
Order
– Timing
– Rules
• The Debate
• Judging PANELIST
 SPEAKING ORDER
• Structure
– Room Setup
– Speaking
Order
– Timing
– Rules
• The Debate
• Judging
 TIMING
• Structure
– Room Setup
Substantives
– Speaking
Order
UNPROTECTED TIME: POIs ALLOWED
– Timing
– Rules
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.20
• The Debate
• Judging

PROTECTED TIME: NO POIs ALLOWED

Reply Speeches
1 2 3 4 4.20
 SOME RULES TO REMEMBER
• Structure
– Room Setup
Electronic Devices
–
–
Speaking Order
Timing
• No phones
– Rules
• Electronic • No Computers
devices
• Printed
Material
• Only Dictionaries
• Help from
teachers
• Time
management
• Penalty: You could get
•
•
The Debate disqualified from the tournament
Judging
 SOME RULES TO REMEMBER
• Structure
– Room Setup
Printed Material
–
–
Speaking Order
Timing
• Allowed During Prep Time
– Rules
• Electronic • Not During Speech
devices
• Printed
Material
• Help from
teachers
• Time
management
• Penalty: You could get
•
•
The Debate disqualified from the tournament
Judging
 SOME RULES TO REMEMBER
• Structure
– Room Setup When preparation begins you are on your own.
– Speaking Order
– Timing
– Rules
• Electronic
devices NO ONE is allowed to help you.
• Printed
Material • What do you do if you don’t understand the
• Help from
teachers motion?
• Time
management – Ask a member of the adjudication core, and we
will explain to you
• The Debate
• Judging
• Penalty: You could get disqualified from the
tournament
 SOME RULES TO REMEMBER
• Structure
–
–
Room Setup
Speaking Order
Debate Preparation 30 mins
–
–
Timing
Rules
Adj Decision: 15 mins
• Electronic
devices Oral Adj: 7 mins each
• Printed
Material
• Help from
teachers
• Time
management
*** Timing is strictly controlled***

• The Debate
• Judging
CHAPTER 2
THE DEBATE
 MOTIONS
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) The Theme
• The Debate
– Motion
• Types of Motions Every round has a theme.
• Types of Debate
• Definitions
–
–
Rules of Definition
Definitional
Debaters are expected to follow
Challenge
the theme when discussing the
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition) motion.
– Speaker Roles

•
– Points Of Information (POI)
Judging
The debate must have a direct
link not only to the motion, but
also to the theme of the round
 MOTIONS
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) (Debate types)
• The Debate
– Motion
• Types of Motions Every debate requires a different
• Types of Debate
• Definitions
– Rules of Definition
underlying principles / ideas
– Definitional
Challenge
Requires a certain set of skills
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition)
– Speaker Roles
–
•
Points Of Information (POI)
Judging This year we give hints to what kind
of debates we want to see
 MOTIONS
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) Example
• The Debate
– Motion
• Types of Motions
If the motions is “This house
• Types of Debate
• Definitions
– Rules of Definition
would fight fire with fire” , and
–
the theme is International
Definitional
Challenge

– Team Roles (Proposition vs.

Opposition)
Relations defining the motion to
–
–
Speaker Roles
Points Of Information (POI)
talk about military action on cross
• Judging
boarder conflicts makes more
sense than talking about death
penalty for murderers
 MOTIONS
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) What is a motion?
• The Debate
– Motion
• Types of Motions
A clearly worded statement that
• Types of Debate
• Definitions
– Rules of Definition
announces the topic to be
– Definitional
Challenge
debated in the round
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition)
– Speaker Roles
– Points Of Information (POI)
• Judging
 MOTIONS
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) Types Of Motions
• The Debate
– Motion
• Types of Motions
1. THBT (This House Believes That)
• Types of Debate
• Definitions
–
–
Rules of Definition
Definitional
2. THW (This House Would)
Challenge

– Team Roles (Proposition vs.

Opposition)
– Speaker Roles
– Points Of Information (POI)
• Judging
 TYPES OF DEBATE
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
Principle Debate Policy Debate
– Motion
• Types of Motions • Principle issues (Moral, • Implementation of
•
•
Types of Debate
Definitions
Ethnics, Economics, models, exactly how to
– Rules of Effectiveness of solve a problem
Definition
– Definitional outcomes) • Whose model is better?
Challenge
• Should or should not • Who provide more
solve the problem in a benefit to the majority
– Team Roles (Proposition
vs. Opposition)
certain way • Ex. THW legalize online
– Speaker Roles • Ex. THBT national sport gambling
– Points Of Information security is more
(POI)
• Judging
important than
individual rights
 DEFENITIONS
• Structure (Asian • Each Definition MUST:
Parliamentary Debate)
– Have a Direct Link to the motion
• The Debate
– Motion – In spirit of the motion or theme
•
•
Types of Motions
Types of Debate
– Is fair and debatable
• Definitions • Unfair Definitions: (Which Opposition Leader can Challenge)
– Rules of Definition
– Definitional – Truisms- a truism is an argument that is considered to be
Challenge
true by the vast majority of people. Example: ‘genocide is
bad’
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition) – Tautology- Not a truism now but will be true in the near
– Speaker Roles future: example: ‘Obama should close Guantanamo Bay’
– Points Of Information (POI) (in fact, isn’t close yet, but Obama has already decided to
• Judging close Guantanamo Bay already)
– Squirrels- Wholly unreasonable
– Time/ Place Sets- Put the debate specifically In a time or
location. Example: ‘We would debate this motion in the
context of WW1 1914’ or ‘We would place this debate in
Dominican Republic (an island in the Caribbean)’
 DEFINITIONAL CHALLENGE
• Structure (Asian • What is a challenge?
Parliamentary Debate) – Definitional challenge is a challenge from the opposition on the
• The Debate definition that was set earlier from the Prime Minister
– Motion • When to challenge?
• Types of Motions
•
– When the definition is unfair (truism, tautology, squirrels and
Types of Debate
• Definitions time/place sets)
– Rules of – It can only come from the Leader of Opposition, not later
Definition
– Definitional • How to challenge?
Challenge
– The LO needs to point out the unfairness from the government bench
with supporting reason
– Team Roles (Proposition – LO is obliged to redefine the definition (provide an alternative
vs. Opposition) definition)
– Speaker Roles
– In most of the cases, the team must provide an ‘even if’ argument
– Points Of Information
(POI) – Remember that, An `Even if' argument is not possible in some cases.
• Judging (e.g. truistic definition & definition running counter to the resolution
i.e. where govt. has taken the opposition’s case).
• What’s next?
– The DPM has the responsibility to either reject or accept the new
definition
– DPM has to rebut the new idea that came from the opposing team
even if he or she rejects the new definition
 TEAM ROLES
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate Proposition Opposition
– Motion
– Team Roles (Proposition
vs. Opposition)
• Support the motion & • Go against the motion
– Speaker Roles give a definition • Realize the problem, but
– Points Of Information • Realize the problem and
(POI)
go against PROP’s
• Judging propose a proposal
solution/change • Provide counter-model
• Provide model or or alternative
mechanism (the detailed • Stick with status quo
implementation process) • Engage with
• Engage with Opposition Government
 SPEAKER ROLES (PM)
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• States Context
• The Debate – Briefly explain background of the debate
– Motion
– Team Roles (Proposition
vs. Opposition)
• Sets the Definition
– Speaker Roles – Clearly define the motion
• Prime Minister
• Leader of • Explain the Model (policy debate)
Opposition
• Deputy Prime
Minister
• Provides Team Stance
• Deputy Leader of – The direction of the Government’s case
Opposition
• Government Whip
• Opposition Whip
• Presents Split
• Reply Speeches – State arguments of 1st and 2nd speaker
– Points Of Information
(POI) • Develop Argument
• Judging
– Analyze and elaborate
 SPEAKER ROLES (LO)
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) • Accept/ Reject the definition
• The Debate
– Motion
• Rebut the Prime Minister’s arguments
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition) • Explain the Counter Model or Status
– Speaker Roles
• Prime Minister Quo (policy debate)
• Leader of Opposition
• Deputy Prime Minister • Provides Team Stance
• Deputy Leader of
Opposition – The direction of the Opposition case
• Government Whip
• Opposition Whip • Presents Split
• Reply Speeches
– Points Of Information (POI) – State arguments for 1st and 2nd speaker
• Judging
• Develop Argument
– Analyze and elaborate
 SPEAKER ROLES (DPM)
•
• Rebut the Leader of
Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
–
–
Motion
Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition’s arguments and
–
Opposition)
Speaker Roles
Defend your own case
• Prime Minister
• Leader of Opposition
• Deputy Prime
• Presents own arguments
Minister
• Deputy Leader of (different from 1st speaker)
Opposition
• Government Whip
• Opposition Whip
• Develop your Argument
– Analyze and elaborate
• Reply Speeches
– Points Of Information (POI)

• Judging
 SPEAKER ROLES (DLO)
•
• Rebut the Deputy Prime
Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
–
–
Motion
Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Minister’s arguments and
–
Opposition)
Speaker Roles
Defend your own case
• Prime Minister
• Leader of Opposition
• Deputy Prime
• Presents own arguments
Minister
• Deputy Leader of (different from 1st speaker)
Opposition
• Government Whip
• Opposition Whip
• Develop your Argument
–
• Reply Speeches
Points Of Information (POI) – Analyze and elaborate
• Judging
 SPEAKER ROLES (GW)
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• Rebut the Deputy Leader of
• The Debate
–
Opposition’s arguments
Motion
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition)
• Rebut the points of the Opposition
– Speaker Roles
• Prime Minister
• Summarizes the debate, define the
• Leader of Opposition
• Deputy Prime
CLASHES and MAIN ISSUE of the debate
Minister
• Deputy Leader of
• Support and Defend the points of the
Opposition
• Government Whip
Government side
• Opposition Whip
• Reply Speeches
• Summarizes the Government case
– Points Of Information (POI)
• Cannot Bring New Matter/ New
• Judging
Argument
 SPEAKER ROLES (OW)
• Structure (Asian Parliamentary
Debate) • Rebut the points of the
• The Debate
– Motion
Government
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition) • Summarizes the debate, define
– Speaker Roles
• Prime Minister the CLASHES and MAIN ISSUE of
• Leader of Opposition
• Deputy Prime Minister the debate
• Deputy Leader of
Opposition
• Government Whip
• Support and Defend the points of
• Opposition Whip
• Reply Speeches
the Opposition side
•
– Points Of Information (POI)
Judging
• Summarizes the Opposition case
• Cannot Bring New Matter/ New
Argument
 SPEAKER ROLES (REPLY)
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• Given by 1st or 2nd speaker, NOT the WHIP
• The Debate
–
• Summarizes the entire debate, looking at
Motion
– Team Roles (Proposition vs. the arguments, role fulfillment, main
Opposition)
– Speaker Roles questions which need to be answered to
• Prime Minister
• Leader of Opposition
win, higher moral benefit majority, etc
• Deputy Prime
Minister
• The team’s last opportunity to persuade
• Deputy Leader of
Opposition
their main points to be the adjudicator
• Government Whip and focus on the key issues of the debate
• Opposition Whip
• Reply Speeches • Summarizes the Opposition case shortly
– Points Of Information (POI)
• No new Matter/ New Arguments,
• Judging
examples analysis
 POINTS OF INFORMATION (POIs)
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate 1. STRICTLY no longer than 20
– Motion
– Team Roles (Proposition vs.
Opposition)
seconds
– Speaker Roles
• Prime Minister 2. POIs are
• Leader of Opposition
• Deputy Prime
Minister
1. Points of clarification
• Deputy Leader of
Opposition 2. Points of Contention
• Government Whip
• Opposition Whip
• Reply Speeches
3. Stand up
– Points Of Information (POI)

• Judging
4. No hackling
5. Chair controls the room
CHAPTER 3
JUDGING A DEBATE
 WHO IS AN ADJUDICATOR?
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) • Is an average reasonable person
• The Debate
• Judging – First year university student
– The Average
Reasonable Person
– Has no specific knowledge on issues
• Assessment of
debate vs. entering
– A fairly logical person, and listens to
debate reason
– Elements of Debate
– Scoring – Does not have a personal attachment
– Margin to the motion
– Filling the Ballot
Sheet – Is politically correct (penalizes hate
– Time Management speech or any personal attacks by
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System debaters)
 Assessment of Clashes
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) • Adjudicators listen to material
• The Debate
• Judging
presented in the debate, and the
– The Average debate alone
Reasonable Person
• Assessment of • Ignores personal opinion towards and
debate vs. entering
debate issue, and judges the debate
– Elements of Debate
– Scoring
objectively
– Margin • What do you do when you notice
– Filling the Ballot
Sheet factual errors
– Time Management • What about debates against your own
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System moral values?
 Entering the Debate
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) • In judging don’t use:
• The Debate
• Judging – Specific Knowledge you have about
– The Average
Reasonable Person
an issue
• Assessment of
debate vs. entering
– Personal values as a basis for
debate
– Elements of Debate
judgment
– Scoring
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot ***Judge debates ONLY based on
Sheet
– Time Management
what is being presented to you***
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 WHO IS AN ADJUDICATOR?
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) • Avoid Entering Debates
• The Debate
• Judging – Your specific knowledge about an
– The Average
Reasonable Person
issue should not influence your
• Assessment of
debate vs. entering
decision
debate
– Elements of Debate
– Your personal biases is not a reason
– Scoring to base your judgment on
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot
Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 ELEMENTS OF DEBATE
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Matter
• Judging
– The Average
• Manner
• Method
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate
• Matter, Manner ,
Method
• Substantive Matter and
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter

– Scoring
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 MATTER
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Facts
• Judging
– The Average
• Logical reasoning
•
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate Analysis
• Matter, Manner ,
Method
• Substantive Matter and
• Case studies
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
• Responsiveness
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter
• Up to date information
– Scoring
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 MANNER
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Persuasiveness
• Judging
– The Average
• Clarity
•
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate Body language
• Matter, Manner ,
Method
• Substantive Matter and
• Eye contact
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter

– Scoring
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 METHOD
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Technicality of debate
• Judging
– The Average
• Timing / Time allocation
•
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate Role fulfillment
• Matter, Manner ,
Method
• Substantive Matter and
• Discipline
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter

– Scoring
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 SUBSTANTIVE ARGUMENTATION
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Rebuttals are not argumentations
• Judging
– The Average

• Reasoning / logical explanations

Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate
• Matter, Manner ,
Method
• Substantive Matter and
• Principles
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
• Factual truths
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter

– Scoring
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 WEIGHING DEBATES
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
1. What is the most important
• Judging
– The Average
clash in the debate?
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate
1. Who presented it and how well?
• Matter, Manner ,
Method 2. What are the burdens of proof?
• Substantive Matter and
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
3. Which side responded better to
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter
the developments through the
– Scoring
debate
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 WEIGHING DEBATES
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Constructive Speeches
• Judging
– The Average
– PM, DPM, LO, DLO
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate
• Substantive speeches
• Matter, Manner ,
Method – Whip Speakers
• Substantive Matter and
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing • Reply Speeches
Clashes
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter
– No new ideas
– Scoring
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 MARKING GUIDE
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate) • What are the ranges
• The Debate
• Judging Total Meaning
– The Average
Reasonable Person 68-70 Poor
– Elements of Debate 71-73 Below
• Matter, Manner ,
Method Average
• Substantive Matter 74 Average or
and Argumentation
– Weighing/ Expected
Prioritizing Clashes
• New Matter and Late Standard
Development of
Matter 75-77 Above
Average
– Scoring 78-80 Excellent
– Margin
– Filling the Ballot
Sheet
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 MARGIN
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Judging Margins Meaning
– The Average 0.5-3.5 A very close debate with
Reasonable Person
only minor differences
– Elements of Debate
• Matter, Manner , separating the teams
Method
• Substantive Matter 4-7 A relatively clear debate
and Argumentation with one team having an
– Weighing/
Prioritizing Clashes obvious advantage
• New Matter and Late
Development of 7.5-12 Trashing. A very clear win
Matter with the losing team
failing on one or more
– Scoring fundamental aspects of
– Margin its argument or
– Filling the Ballot
Sheet presentation
– Time Management
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 FILLING ADJ BALLOTS
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Judging
– The Average
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate
• Matter, Manner ,
Method
• Substantive Matter and
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter
VIEW BALLOT SHEET
– Scoring
– Margin
– Time Management
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 ORAL ADJUDICATION
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
7 minutes; What do debaters want
• Judging
– The Average
to know?
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate 1. Important clashes of the debate
• Matter, Manner ,
Method 1. Show that you paid attention by
• Substantive Matter and
Argumentation
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
referring to speeches
Clashes
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter
2. How you weighed issues /
clashes
– Scoring
– Margin
– Time Management
3. Margin & its justification
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
 Tabulation System
• Structure (Asian
Parliamentary Debate)
• The Debate
• Judging
– The Average
Reasonable Person
– Elements of Debate
• Matter, Manner ,
Method
• Substantive Matter and
Argumentation
NOT IMPORTANT FOR NOW!!
– Weighing/ Prioritizing
Clashes
• New Matter and Late
Development of Matter

– Scoring
– Margin
– Time Management
– Filling the Ballot Sheet
– Oral Adjudication
– Tabulation System
Questions?