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Lecture 8 - Reading and Writing in Chemistry

The document discusses chemical nomenclature and formulas. It covers naming and writing formulas for binary ionic compounds, transition metal ions, molecular compounds, compounds containing polyatomic ions, and deducing empirical and molecular formulas. Key points include using stock names for ions and "-ide" endings for anions, using Roman numerals to distinguish between ions of the same element with different charges, balancing charges in formulas, and reducing ratios in empirical formulas to their simplest whole numbers. Worked examples are provided for naming compounds and writing formulas.

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Ewart
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56 views

Lecture 8 - Reading and Writing in Chemistry

The document discusses chemical nomenclature and formulas. It covers naming and writing formulas for binary ionic compounds, transition metal ions, molecular compounds, compounds containing polyatomic ions, and deducing empirical and molecular formulas. Key points include using stock names for ions and "-ide" endings for anions, using Roman numerals to distinguish between ions of the same element with different charges, balancing charges in formulas, and reducing ratios in empirical formulas to their simplest whole numbers. Worked examples are provided for naming compounds and writing formulas.

Uploaded by

Ewart
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reading and Writing in

Chemistry
Nomenclature, empirical and molecular formula

1
Chemical Formulas
• Molecular compounds are represented by chemical
formulas.
• symbolic representations that indicate the elements present and
the relative number of atoms of each element.
• In the formula for water, the constituent elements are
denoted by their symbols.
• The relative numbers of atoms are indicated by subscripts.
Where no subscript is written, the number 1 is understood.

Two elements present:


Hydrogen & Oxygen
H2O
Lack of subscript means
2 atoms of H one atom of O 2
Naming Binary Compounds
• Binary compounds are those formed between two
elements.
• To name a binary compound of a metal and a non-metal,
write the unmodified name of the metal then write the
name of the non-metal, modified to end in –ide.

3
• Main-group cations (blue) and anions (purple). A
cation bears the same name as the element it is
derived from; an anion name has an -ide ending.

4
Common Transition Metal Ions
• Some metals form more than one kind of cation.
• Iron forms both the doubly charged Fe2+ ion and the triply
charged Fe3+ ion.
• In naming these ions, we distinguish between them by using
a Roman numeral in parentheses to indicate the number of
charges.
• Thus, FeCl2 is named iron(II) chloride and FeCl3 is iron(III)
chloride.

5
• In any neutral compound, the total number of positive
charges must equal the total number of negative charges.
• Metals in group 1A and group 2A form only one cation, so
Roman numerals are not needed.

• Give systematic names for the following compounds:


(a) BaCl2 (b) CrCl3 (c) PbS (d) Fe2O3*

• Write formulas for the following compounds:


(a) Magnesium fluoride (b) Tin(IV) oxide* (c) Iron(III) sulfide

6
Some Simple Ions

7
Numerical Prefixes for Naming
Compounds

8
Naming Binary Compounds (cont’d)
• If the two elements in a binary compound are both
non-metals, the compound is a molecular
compound.
• The cationlike element takes the name of the
element itself, and the anionlike element takes an
-ide ending.
• The compound HF, for example, is called hydrogen
fluoride.

9
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

Give systematic names for the following


compounds: (a) PCl3 (b) N2O3 (c) P4O7* (d) BrF3

10
Common Polyatomic Ions

11
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic
Ions

• Give systematic names for the following


compounds:
(a) LiNO3 (b) KHSO4 (c) CuCO3 (d) Fe(ClO4)3 *

• Write formulas for the following compounds:


(a) Potassium hypochlorite (b) Silver(I) chromate*
(c) Iron(III) carbonate

12
Empirical Formula
• An empirical formula is the simplest formula for a compound;
it shows the types of atoms present and their relative
numbers.
• The subscripts in an empirical formula are reduced to their
simplest whole-number ratio.

• For example, P2O5 is the empirical formula for a compound


whose molecules have the formula P4O10.

• Generally, the empirical formula does not tell us a great deal


about a compound.
• Acetic acid (C2H4O2) formaldehyde (CH2O) and glucose (C6H12O6) all
have the empirical formula CH2O.
13
• An organic compound has the following mass
composition 22.88% C, 5.76% H and 71.36% As. The
molar mass of this compound was given as 209.96
g/mol. Deduce the molecular formula of this
compound.

14

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