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Anemia 130809044630 Phpapp01

Anemia is a major public health problem in India, affecting over half of all Indian women. It occurs when there are low red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, or hematocrit levels, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen to tissues. Common causes include iron deficiency, blood loss, and nutritional deficiencies. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. At-risk groups include pregnant women, adolescents, the economically disadvantaged, and those with menstrual problems or multiple pregnancies. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels. Treatment focuses on iron supplementation, with dosage varying based on age, alongside addressing underlying causes like parasites. Continued

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Siddharth Das
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501 views

Anemia 130809044630 Phpapp01

Anemia is a major public health problem in India, affecting over half of all Indian women. It occurs when there are low red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, or hematocrit levels, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen to tissues. Common causes include iron deficiency, blood loss, and nutritional deficiencies. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. At-risk groups include pregnant women, adolescents, the economically disadvantaged, and those with menstrual problems or multiple pregnancies. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels. Treatment focuses on iron supplementation, with dosage varying based on age, alongside addressing underlying causes like parasites. Continued

Uploaded by

Siddharth Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANEMIA

INTRODUCTION
 Anemia is a major killer in India.
 Statistics reveal that every second Indian
woman is anemic
 One in every five maternal deaths is directly
due to anemia.
 Anemia affects both adults and children of
both sexes, although pregnant women and
adolescent girls are most susceptible and
most affected by this disease.
DEFINITION
 Anemia (An-without,emia-blood)is a
decrease in the RBC count, hemoglobin
and/or Hematocrit values resulting in a
lower ability for the blood to carry oxygen to
body tissues .
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NORMAL VALUE
Category Values S
Reference
 Category Reference Values
Men >13 g/dl
 Men >13 g/dl
Women
 Women >12 g/dl >12 g/dl

 Pregnant women
Pregnant women >11g/dl >11g/dl
 Infants from 2 to 6 month s >9.5 g/dl
Infants from 2 to 6 months >9.5 g/dl
 Children from 6 months

to 24 months
Children from 6 months to 24 >10.5 g/dl>10.5 g/dl
months
 2yrs to 11 yrs >11.5 g/dl
2yrs to 11 yrs >11.5 g/dl
 Children from 12 years >12 g/dl
Children from 12 years >12 g/dl
RISK FACTORS
 Poor socio economic class
 Multiparity

 Teenage pregnancy

 Menstural problem
CAUSES
SIGNS&SYMPTOMS
SYMPTOMS
Common symptoms of anemia
 Easy fatigue and loss of energy

 Unusually rapid heart beat, particularly with


exercise
 Shortness of breath and headache, particularly with
exercise
 Difficulty concentrating

 Dizziness

 Pale skin

 Leg cramps

 Insomnia
SIGNS OF ANAEMIA
 Brittle nails
 Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)
 Atrophy of the papillae of the tongue
 Angular stomatitis
 Brittle hair
 Dysphagia and Glossitis
 Plummer vinson/kelly patterson
SYMPTOMS&SIGNS
INVESTIGATION
S
MANAGEMENT
Complimentary parasite control measures
 Anti-helminthic therapy with 400 mg of single dose
of albendazole is given to eliminate hook worms
before the initiation of iron and folic acid therapy.
 Child -

<2yrs-200mg/day single dose

Pregnancy-
Albendazole is contraindicated in first trimester,
can be administered in second or third trimester.
TREATMENT OF MILD &MODERATE
GROUP DOSAGE/day

Children 2-5 years 20-30 mg iron

Children 6-11 years 30-60 mg iron

Adolescents and adults 60 mg iron

 Anemia will correct within 2 to 4 months if


appropriate iron dosages are administered and
underlying cause of iron deficiency is corrected.
 Continue iron therapy an additional 4 to 6 months
(adults) after the hemoglobin normalizes to
replenish the iron stores.
THANK YOU

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