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Lecture - 4 - Flexure - Doubly Reinforced Beams

Doubly reinforced beams have steel reinforcement in both the tension and compression zones of the concrete. This allows the beam to resist bending moments greater than the limit for a singly reinforced beam without increasing the beam dimensions. The summary provides the steps to analyze and calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a doubly reinforced beam, including: 1. Calculating the neutral axis depth and balanced steel area. 2. Computing the moment capacity up to the balanced condition (Mu,lim). 3. Determining additional steel areas in tension and compression. 4. Calculating the additional moment capacity (Mu2) based on steel yield or concrete crushing. 5. Summing Mu,lim and Mu2 to find the

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302 views25 pages

Lecture - 4 - Flexure - Doubly Reinforced Beams

Doubly reinforced beams have steel reinforcement in both the tension and compression zones of the concrete. This allows the beam to resist bending moments greater than the limit for a singly reinforced beam without increasing the beam dimensions. The summary provides the steps to analyze and calculate the ultimate moment capacity of a doubly reinforced beam, including: 1. Calculating the neutral axis depth and balanced steel area. 2. Computing the moment capacity up to the balanced condition (Mu,lim). 3. Determining additional steel areas in tension and compression. 4. Calculating the additional moment capacity (Mu2) based on steel yield or concrete crushing. 5. Summing Mu,lim and Mu2 to find the

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mdaashu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Doubly Reinforced Beams

Beams reinforced with steel both in tension and


compression zones of concrete

Necessity

Reason #1 :

To Increase Mu beyond Mu,lim without


increasing beam dimensions and grades of
Concrete and Steel
In many practical situations, architectural or
functional requirements may restrict the overall depth
of the beams.

if such a section is subjected to bending moment


greater than its Mu,lim , then, moment of resistance
can be increased

 by providing steel in compression face and


additional steel in tension face of the beam over and
above the Ast,lim value without increasing the depth
Reason #2 :
Some sections of a continuous beam with
moving loads undergo change in nature of
bending moment which makes compression
zone as tension zone or vice versa.

Reason #3 :
Ductility requirement in seismic resistant
structures

Reason #4 :
reduction of long term deflection
Behaviour

The total compressive force (C) comprises of


1.due to concrete ,Cc
2.due to steel , Cs , provided by area of steel in
compression, Asc

C = Cc + Cs

The tensile force (T) also has two components:


1.T1 = Cc, provided by Ast,lim
2.T2=Cs, provided due to the additional steel in
tension, Ast2
T = T1 + T2
Asc Asc

Ast2
Ast, lim
Ast = Ast,lim + Ast2

Mu,lim Mu2 (additional) Mu = Mu,lim + Mu2


Singly Reinforced Due to Asc and Ast2 Doubly Reinforced
Balanced Case
Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beams
C/S Strain Diagram Force Diagrams
Mu,lim Mu2

C1 = 0.36 fck Xu,max b ; T1 = 0.87 fy Ast,lim


T2 = 0.87 fy Ast2
C2 = fsc x Asc – fcc x Asc = Asc(fsc – fcc)
Note: deduct concrete area replaced by compression steel
Ast,lim = area of tension reinforcement corresponding
to balanced case of Singly reinforced beam
Ast2 = area of additional tension steel reinforcement

Asc = area of compression steel reinforcement

fsc = stress in compression steel reinforcement

fcc = compressive stress in concrete at the level of


centroid of compression steel reinforcement

Ast = Total Area of Tension reinforcement


= Ast,lim + Ast2
Step 1: Compute Xu,max from Strain Diagram

0.0035 / Xu,max = {(0.87 fy/Es) + 0.002} / (d-Xu,max)

Step 2: Compute Mu,lim based on C1

Mu,lim = C1 ( d - 0.42 Xu,max)


= 0.36 fck Xu,max b (d – 0.42 Xu,max)….(A)

Step 3: Compute Ast,lim based on Mu,lim and Ast2

Mu,lim= 0.87 fy Ast,lim ( d-0.42 Xu,max)

Ast2 = Ast – Ast,lim


Step 4: Compute fsc and fcc

From Strain diagram


0.0035 / Xu,max = esc / (Xu,max-d’ )
esc = 0.0035 (Xu,max – d’)/Xu,max
From the Stress strain Curve for steel given in IS 456
given in Figs.23A and 23B, determine fsc

fcc = 0.446 fck (Compression steel is assumed to be in


rectangular portion of stress block)
Step 5: Compute Mu2

Two Types of failure are possible depending upon the


relative values of Asc and Ast2, provided in the
section.

Case 1:
Tension Failure due to Yielding of Tension Steel

If, Ast2, provided < Ast2 ,required then this type of


failure can occur.

Mu2 = T2 (d-d’) = 0.87 fy Ast2(d-d’) ………. (C)


Case 2:
Compression Failure due to Crushing of Concrete

If, Ast2, provided > Ast2 ,required then this type of


failure can occur.

Mu2 = C2 (d- d’) = Asc(fsc-fcc)(d-d’)……. (D)

Mu2 = least of both types of failures

Step 6: Compute Mu
Mu = Mu,lim + Mu2
Example 1

Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the doubly


reinforced beam of b = 350 mm, d' = 60 mm, d = 600 mm,
Tension Steel = 6- #25 , Compression Steel = 4- #20, using
M 20 and Fe 415.

Step 1: Compute Xu,max from Strain Diagram

0.0035 / Xu,max = {(0.87 fy/Es) + 0.002} / (d-Xu,max)

0.0035/Xu,max = {(0.87 x415/200000)+0.002}/ (600-Xu,max)

0.0035/Xu,max = 0.003805 / (600-Xu,max)

Xu,max = 287.47 mm
Step 2: Compute Mu,lim based on C1

Mu,lim = C1 ( d - 0.42 Xu,max)

= 0.36 fck Xu,max b (d – 0.42 Xu,max)

= 0.36 x20 x 287.47 x 350 ( 600- 0.42 x 287.47)/106

=347.2 kNm
Step 3: Compute Ast,lim based on Mu,lim and Ast2

Mu,lim = 0.87 fy Ast,lim (d – 0.42 Xu,max)

Ast,lim = 347.2 x106 / (0.87 x415 x(600 – 0.42 x 287.47)

Ast,lim = 2006 mm2 < Ast, provided. Hence additional


tension steel is useful in increasing Mu.

Ast2 = Ast – Ast,lim

Ast = 6 x  x 25 2/4 = 2945 mm2

Ast2 = 2945 – 2006 = 939 mm2


Step 4: Compute fsc and fcc

From Strain diagram


0.0035 / Xu,max = esc / (Xu,max-d’ )
esc = 0.0035 (Xu,max – d’)/Xu,max
esc = 0.0035 (287.47 – 60) / 287.47 = 0.00277

From Stress Strain Curve Fig 23A

fsc =0.975 fy/1.15 = 0.975x415/1.15 = 351.8 Mpa

fcc = 0.446 x20 = 8.92 Mpa


Step 5: Compute Mu2

Case 1:

Tension Failure due to Yielding of Tension Steel

Mu2 = T2 (d-d’) = 0.87 fy Ast2(d-d’)

= 0.87 x415 x 939 x (600-60)/ 106


= 183.07 kNm
Case 2:
Compression Failure due to Crushing of Concrete

Mu2 = C2 (d- d’) = Asc(fsc-fcc)(d-d’)……. (D)

Asc = 1256 mm2 ( 4 - #20)

Mu2 = 1256 x(351.8 – 8.92)x(600-60)/ 106

= 232.55 kNm

Mu2 = 183.07 kNm

Step 6: Compute Mu
Mu = Mu,lim + Mu2 = 347.2 + 183.07 = 530.27 kNm
Example 2

Determine the moment of resistance of the doubly reinforced


beam with b = 300 mm, d = 600 mm, d' = 90 mm, fck = 30
N/mm2, fy = 500 N/mm2, Asc = 2236 mm2 , and Ast = 4200mm2

Step 1: Compute Xu,max from Strain Diagram

0.0035 / Xu,max = {(0.87 fy/Es) + 0.002} / (d-Xu,max)

0.0035/Xu,max = {(0.87 x500/200000)+0.002}/ (600-Xu,max)

0.0035/Xu,max = 0.004175 / (600-Xu,max)

Xu,max = 273.62 mm
Step 2: Compute Mu,lim based on C1

Mu,lim = C1 ( d - 0.42 Xu,max)

= 0.36 fck Xu,max b (d – 0.42 Xu,max)

= 0.36 x30 x 273.62 x 300 ( 600- 0.42 x 273.62)/106

=430.04kNm
Step 3: Compute Ast,lim based on Mu,lim and Ast2

Mu,lim = 0.87 fy Ast,lim (d – 0.42 Xu,max)

Ast,lim = 430.04 x106 / (0.87 x 500 x (600 – 0.42 x 273.62 )

Ast,lim = 2038 mm2

Ast2 = Ast – Ast,lim

Ast2 = 4200 – 2038 = 2162 mm2


Step 4: Compute fsc and fcc

From Strain diagram


0.0035 / Xu,max = esc / (Xu,max-d’ )
esc = 0.0035 (Xu,max – d’)/Xu,max
esc = 0.0035 (273.62 – 90) / 273.62 = 0.00235

From Stress Strain Curve Fig 23A

fsc =0.9 fy/1.15 = 0.925x500 / 1.15 = 402.2 Mpa

fcc = 0.446 x30 = 13.38 Mpa


Step 5: Compute Mu2

Case 1:

Tension Failure due to Yielding of Tension Steel

Mu2 = T2 (d-d’) = 0.87 fy Ast2(d-d’)

= 0.87 x500 x 2162x (600-90)/ 106


= 479.64 kNm
Case 2:
Compression Failure due to Crushing of Concrete

Mu2 = C2 (d- d’) = Asc(fsc-fcc)(d-d’)……. (D)

Asc = 2236 mm2

Mu2 = 2236 x(402.2– 13.38)x(600-90)/ 106

= 443.39 kNm

Mu2 = 443.39 kNm

Step 6: Compute Mu
Mu = Mu,lim + Mu2 = 430.04 + 443.39 = 873.43 kNm

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