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Lesson 8 - Electric Drives-Characterisitics of DC Motors

1. DC series motors produce high starting torque because their torque is proportional to the square of the armature current. This makes them suitable for loads that require high starting torque, such as elevators and cranes. 2. DC series motors should never be started without a load because their speed is inversely proportional to the armature current. Without a load, the current and torque would be excessive, potentially damaging the motor. 3. DC shunt motors are called constant speed motors because their field flux and therefore speed remain nearly constant for a given voltage as the load changes. The field current is supplied independently of the armature circuit.

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Hafsa Alhaddabi
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15 views10 pages

Lesson 8 - Electric Drives-Characterisitics of DC Motors

1. DC series motors produce high starting torque because their torque is proportional to the square of the armature current. This makes them suitable for loads that require high starting torque, such as elevators and cranes. 2. DC series motors should never be started without a load because their speed is inversely proportional to the armature current. Without a load, the current and torque would be excessive, potentially damaging the motor. 3. DC shunt motors are called constant speed motors because their field flux and therefore speed remain nearly constant for a given voltage as the load changes. The field current is supplied independently of the armature circuit.

Uploaded by

Hafsa Alhaddabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Utilization of Electrical Power

(M2H621476)

Electric Drives-1
Characteristics of DC Series
Ref: Section 1.16- Text Book p (15-
18)
DC Shunt Motor
Basic Circuit
Basic Equations I Ia
+
𝑉 = 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼 𝑎 𝑅 𝑎 Ra
If
𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1∅𝑁
Rf
V
𝑇 = 𝐾2∅𝐼𝑎 Eb

2
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power
DC Series Motor
Basic Equations Basic Circuit

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 +𝑅𝑓 ) + 𝐸𝑏

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑎 𝑅 𝑚 + 𝐸𝑏

∅ ∝ 𝐼𝑎

𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1𝐼𝑎𝑁
𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1∅𝑁

𝑇 = 𝐾2∅𝐼𝑎 𝑇 = 𝐾2𝐼𝑎 2

3
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power
Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
1. Speed vs Armature Current (NvsIa )
𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1∅𝑁

𝑁 = 𝑁0 −𝐾𝑁 𝐼𝑎 𝐸
𝑁 ∝ ∅𝑏

For shunt motor Field current is


constant. So Flux ∅ is constant .
Therefore speed is
to Eb
proportional
As Ia increases Eb decreases - Speed 𝑁 ∝ 𝐸𝑏
N decreases;
Or: As armature current
increases
Speed decreases
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power 4
Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
1. Torque vs Armature Current

Since flux Ø is a constant, T is proportional to Ia; Straight line


As Ia increases armature reaction increases– flux decreases – So
for higher values of Ia, the effective or net torque will be slightly
less than the gross torque.
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power 5
Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
1. Speed vs Torque Characteristic
 Torque T is proportional to armature current
Ia
 As Ia Increases speed decreases

Speed Torque characteristic will be


same as Speed armature current
characteristic

As Torque increases, Ia increases


Eb decreases - Speed N
decreases;
𝑁 = 𝐶 − 𝐷𝑇
Or: As torque increases Speed
decreases, butEnvironment
Together Towards A Green variation is lowUtilization of Electric Power 6
Characteristics – DC Series
1. Motors
Speed vs Armature Current (NvsIa ) 𝐸 = 𝐾 ∅𝑁 𝑏 1

𝐸
𝑁 ∝ ∅𝑏

𝑉 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑒
𝑁∝
𝐼𝑎

1
𝑁 ∝ 𝐼𝑎

Speed is also inversely proportional to 𝐼 𝑎 .

7
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power
Characteristics – DC Series
1. Motors
Torque vs Armature Current (TvsIa )
flux Φ is directly proportional to Ia.

𝑇 ∝ 𝐼𝑎2

Prior to magnetic saturation: Torque


increases as the square of armature
current

After magnetic saturation of the field winding, flux Φ is independent of armature current Ia.
Therefore, the torque varies proportional to Ia only, T α Ia.Therefore, after magnetic
saturation, Ta-Ia curve becomes straight line.

8
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power
Characteristics of DC Series Motor
1. Speed vs Torque Characteristic
Torque T increase as square armature current 𝐼 𝑎 2 1
𝑁 ∝ 𝐼𝑎
Speed N inversely proportional to 𝐼𝑎
Speed N inversely proportional to 𝑇 ∝ ∅𝐼𝑎
𝑇
𝑇 ∝ 𝐼𝑎 2

𝐶1
𝑁= − 𝐷1
𝑇
Speed Torque characteristic
will be same as Speed
As Speed increases, Torque armature current
decreases -When speed is high, characteristi
torque is low and vice versa. c
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power 9
Characteristics – DC Motors
1. Why Series motors are more suitable for loads which
require high starting torque?
2. Why a series motor should never be started without
some mechanical load?
3. Why shunt motor is called a constant speed motor?
4. What are the applications of DC Shunt motor? (Ref:
Table.4.1)
5. What are the applications of DC Series Motor? (Ref:
Table 4.1)

10
Together Towards A Green Environment Utilization of Electric Power

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