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Descriptive Statistics: TA: Rania Abdelwahab El Ghonemy

The document discusses probability concepts such as mutually exclusive events, independent events, and the complement rule. It provides examples of calculating various probabilities, such as the probability of intersections and unions of events, conditional probabilities, and finding complements. Sample problems are given relating to events occurring with dice rolls, surveys, visiting locations, and Venn diagrams.

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Salma Hazem
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251 views

Descriptive Statistics: TA: Rania Abdelwahab El Ghonemy

The document discusses probability concepts such as mutually exclusive events, independent events, and the complement rule. It provides examples of calculating various probabilities, such as the probability of intersections and unions of events, conditional probabilities, and finding complements. Sample problems are given relating to events occurring with dice rolls, surveys, visiting locations, and Venn diagrams.

Uploaded by

Salma Hazem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

TA: Rania Abdelwahab El Ghonemy


SECTION 5

Exercise 4
PROBABILITY : A value between zero & 1 , inclusive, describing the relative
possibility ( chance ) an event will occur .

• The sum of probabilities of all outcomes must equal 1

RULES

 Mutually exclusive
2 events are mutually exclusive when they cannot both occur simultaneously
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

 Not mutually exclusive (mutually inclusive)


2 events are mutually inclusive when they can both occur simultaneously.
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

  The Complement Rule 


  INDEPENDENT EVENTS:

P(A) + P(~A) = 1 or P(A) = 1 - P(~A). P(AandB)= P(A)


1) A sample space contains 6 sample points and 3 events A, B, and C
as shown in the accompanying diagram. The probabilities of the
sample points are :

𝑃(𝐸1) = 0.2, 𝑃(𝐸2) = 0.05, 𝑃(𝐸3) = 0.3, 𝑃(𝐸4) = 0.1, and 𝑃(𝐸6) =
0.25.

 Find
a) The value of
b) 𝑃(𝐴), 𝑃(𝐵), 𝑃(𝐶),
c) 𝑃(𝐴c), 𝑃(), 𝑃(𝐶c),
d) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐶 ∪ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
e) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶).
  a) The value of

b) 𝑃(𝐴), 𝑃(𝐵), 𝑃(𝐶),

  c) 𝑃(𝐴c), 𝑃(), 𝑃(𝐶c),

d) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐶 ∪ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)

e) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 1 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)= 0


2) A fair die is thrown. The events A, B, C and D are defined as follows:
A = The score is even;
B = The score is divisible by 3.
C = The score is not more than 2.
D = The score exceeds 3.
 
Find:
a) 𝑃(𝐴c)
b) 𝑃(𝐵c)
c) 𝑃(𝐷c)
d) 𝑃(𝐶c)
e) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) and 𝑃(𝐶 ∪ 𝐵)
a) 𝑃(𝐴c)

b) 𝑃(𝐵c)

c) 𝑃(𝐶c)

d) 𝑃(𝐷c)

e) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) and 𝑃(𝐶 ∪ 𝐵)


3) The probability that a family visits Safari Zoo is 0.65, and the
probability that a family rides on the Mt. Pleasant Tourist
Railroad is 0.55. The probability that a family does both is 0.43.

Find :

a) the probability that the family visits the zoo or the railroad.
b) the probability that the family visits the zoo if rides on
railroad.

Solution :
4) Consider the table below, which shows the results of a survey
on 50 students:
  Interest

Music Football Cars

Male 9 11 10

Female 5 8 7

Find the probability of selecting:


a. One Male. b. One Male Musician.

c. One Musician or a Driver. d. One student who plays Football.

e. One Female or a Musician. f. A Students who doesn’t like Music

g. One Male or Female.

k. One Musician, if it has known that she is a Female.

l. If we select One Male; what is the probability that he likes


Football.
5)For any two independent events, 𝐴 and 𝐵,
let 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.4, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.20 Independent
events: 2 or more
Find 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) and 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴). events whose
outcomes do not
affect each other.

6)Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be events with


𝑃(𝐴) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.3; and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.2.

Find: 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵), 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴), 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴′) and 𝑃(𝐵′).

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