Chapter 1

Applied Physics / BOE

Faculty of Computing
Riphah International University Islamabad Campus

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2 Instructor Introduction

• Mr. Usama Imtiaz (Junior Lecturer)

• Contact: [email protected]

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2 Recommended Books

 Electronic Devices by Floyd (International)

 Principles_Electric_Circuit_Floyd_9th

 Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles H. Roth

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Marks Distribution

o Quizzes 20 Marks

o Assignments 10 Marks

o Mid Term Exam 30 Marks

o Final Term Exam 40 Marks

o This is tentative distribution, flexible enough to be

changed

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
Voltage (V) is the work (W) per charge (Q); it
is responsible for establishing current.
+ -
W
V + -
Q
+ -
Work is done as a charge is
+ -
moved in the electric field
from one potential to + -
another.is the work per charge + -
Voltage
done against the electric field. + -
+ -
+ -
Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall
Chapter 2
Summary
Definition of voltage

W
V
Q

One volt is the potential difference (voltage) between

two points when one joule of work is used to move one
coulomb of charge from one point to the other.

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary

Voltage
Voltage is responsible for establishing current.
e-
Sources of voltage +
e-

include batteries, solar

Zinc Copper
cells, and generators. Zn2+
(anode)
Zn + 2e
-
(cathode)
Cu 2+ + 2e
- Cu
A Cu-Zn battery, such
as you might construct
in a chemistry class, is ZnSO4
solution

shown. Porous
barrier
CuSO4
solution

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
Current (I) is the amount of charge (Q) that
flows past a point in a unit of time (t).
Q
I
t
One ampere is a number of electrons having a total charge of 1 C
move through a given cross section in 1 s.

What is the current if 2 C passes a point in 5 s?

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
Resistance is the opposition to current.
One ohm (1 ) is the resistance if one ampere (1 A) is in a
material when one volt (1 V) is applied.
Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance.
1
G
R
Components designed to have a specific amount of resistance are
called resistors. Color bands
Resistance material
(carbon composition)
Insulation coating

Leads

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
Color Digit Multiplier Tolerance

Black 0 10 0

Brown 1 10 1 1% (five band)

Red 2 10 2 2% (five band)

Orange 3 10 3
Resistance value, first three bands:
First band- 1st digit Yellow 4 10 4
Second band- 2nd digit
*Third band- multiplier (number of Green 5 10 5
zeros following the 2nd digit) Blue 6 10 6

Violet 7 10 7

Gray 8 10 8

White 9 10 9

Gold ±5% 10 -1 5% (four band)

Fourth band- tolerance
Silver ±10% 10 -2 10% (four band)

No band ±20%

* For resistance values less than 10W , the third band is either gold or silver. Gold is for a multiplier of 0.1 and silver is for
a multiplier of 0.01.

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary

What is the resistance and tolerance of

each of the four-band resistors?

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
Variable resistors include the potentiometer
and rheostat. A potentiometer can be
connected as a rheostat.
R
The center terminal is connected to the wiper

3
1 2 Variable
Shaft
(potentiometer)
Wiper
Resistive
element R

Variable
(rheostat)

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
A basic circuit consists of 1) a voltage source,
2) a path and 3) a load. An example of a basic
circuit is the flashlight, which has each of these.

Switch Metal strip

Metal reflector Spring

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
An important
multipurpose
instrument is the
DMM, which can OFF VH
Hz

measure voltage, VH

mV H

current, and A
V

resistance. Many 10 A VV

include other 40 m A COM

measurement
options.

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Summary
You need to recognize safety hazards and know
what to do in an emergency. Read and review all of
the precautions given in the text. Some key ones
are:
•Electrical
Shock - know the location of emergency shutoff.
Know and follow safety rules in the lab.

•Electrical safety
Use Class-C extinguisher for electrical fires.
Be aware of burn hazards with jewelry.
•Work area
A safe area is neat. The area should be inspected
regularly for hazards.

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Selected Key Terms
Ampere The unit of electrical current

AWG (American Wire Gauge) A standardization based

 on wire diameter
Charge An electrical property of matter that exists
because of an excess or a deficiency of
electrons. Charge can be either + or .

Circuit An interconnection of electronic components

designed to produce a desired result. A basic
circuit consists of a source, a load, and an
interconnecting path.

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 2
Selected Key Terms
Conductance The ability of a circuit to allow current. The unit
is the siemans (S).

Coulomb The unit of electrical charge.


Current The rate of flow of electrical charge.

Electron A basic particle of electrical charge in matter.

The electron possesses a negative charge.

Ground The common or reference point in a circuit.

Ohm () The unit of resistance.

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall
Chapter 2
Selected Key Terms
Potentiometer A three-terminal variable resistor.

Resistance The opposition to current. the unit is the ohm ().

Rheostat A two-terminal variable resistor.

Siemens The unit of conductance

Volt The unit of voltage or electromotive force.

Voltage The amount of energy per charge available to

move electrons from one point to another in an
electric circuit.
Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd © Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall