Sentences

Compound, Complex,
Compound-Complex
Review
 A clause is a group of words having a subject and
a verb.
 An independent clause can stand alone as a
sentence.
 A dependent clause is always used as some part of
speech. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
 A phrase is a group of words used as a sentence
part. It does not have a subject and a verb.
Compound Sentence
 Combines two or more independent clauses.
 These clauses can be combined using a comma, a
coordinating conjunction, or both.
 Example:
 Two independent clauses: I went home. I wanted to
get some sleep.
 Compound sentence: I went home so I could get
some sleep.
Compound Sentence
 A compound sentence can also be created by
replacing a coordinating conjunction with a
semicolon.
 Example:
 Using coordinating conjunction: Mrs. Miller likes to
play poker, and Amy is her favorite partner.
 Using semicolon: Mrs. Miller likes to play poker; Amy
is her favorite partner.
Compound Sentence
 A compound sentence can also be formed with a
semicolon and a conjunctive adverb (then,
however, therefore, consequently, etc.)
 Example:
 Our trip took five days; consequently, we are
exhausted.
Coordinating Conjunctions
 F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.!!!
 For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
 Itis important to memorize these conjunctions and
their meanings in order to form sentences
correctly.
Coordinating Conjunctions
In order to: Use this conjunction: Example:
Join two sentences I like to read mystery
that show a reason For novels, for I love
suspense.
Join sentences with And She goes to the beach,
similar ideas and she takes her dog.
(Addition)
Join two sentences I don’t like garlic, nor
that express negatives Nor do I like onions.
Join two sentences He won’t get into the
with contrasting ideas But concert, but he can
try.
Coordinating Conjunctions
In order to: Use this conjunction: Example
Join sentences to offer Or I will take my kids to
a choice a movie, or I will stay
home.
Join sentences that I want to lose weight,
show a different Yet yet I eat chocolate
outcome daily.
Join sentences to I will study the
show cause and effect fanboys, so I can use
(result) So them well.
Important!!!!
 Sometimes a simple sentence is all you need, but a
series of short, choppy sentences can be boring to
read. For a variety, use conjunctions to combine
simple sentences into compound sentences.
 Sometimes joining sentences makes the
relationship between them clearer.
Practice!
I looked for the book, ______ I could not find it.
 Jeff must have arrived safely, ____ we would have
been notified.
 I haven’t heard from Becky, _____ do I expect a
call soon.
 She planned to read the letter, ______ it could not
be found.
Practice!
I am going to walk my dog, ______ I will give
him a bath.
 I want to go to the movies, _____ I don’t have
enough free time.
 I will finish my homework on Friday, _____ I
won’t have to do it all on Sunday.
 I like to go to the gym, _____ I love the yoga class
they offer.
Review!
 An independent clause can stand by itself, and is a
complete thought.
 A dependent clause cannot stand by itself, and is not
a complete thought.
 A simple sentence has only one clause—an
independent clause.
 A compound sentence is made up of two
independent clauses and a coordinating conjunction.
Complex Sentences
 A complex sentence is made up of:
 One independent clause
 One dependent clause
 A subordinating conjunction
 Example:
 When the mailman arrived, the dog barked.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Time Cause & Effect Contrast
after because although
before since while
as soon as if though
as even though whereas
when unless
until
while
Rule of Thumb: Punctuation
 Dependent + Independent= Use Comma
 When he found out that the price of the buffet did
not include a soft drink, Stan settled for a cup of
gravy.
 Independent + Dependent= No Comma
 Mr. Johnson’s teenage son has a brand new car even
though he does not have a job.
Practice!
 It was raining outside. We went for a walk.
 Jenny needs to ask me. I will buy it for her.
 Franklin wants to get a new job. He is preparing
for job interviews.
 Cindy and David had breakfast. They left for
work.
 I really enjoyed the concert. The music was too
loud.
Practice!
 The car was extremely expensive. Bob didn’t
have much money. He bought the car.
 I usually work out at the gym early in the morning.
I leave for work at eight a.m.
 Sometimes it happens that we have a lot of rain. I
put the chairs on the patio in the garage when we
have rain.
Practice #1
 It was raining outside. We went for a walk.

We went for a walk even though it was raining

outside.
Practice #2
 Jenny needs to ask me. I will buy it for her.

If Jenny asks me, I will buy it for her.

Practice #3
 Franklin wants to get a new job. He is preparing
for job interviews.

Because Franklin wants to get a new job, he is

preparing for job interviews.
Practice #4
 Cindy and David had breakfast. They left for
work.

After Cindy and David had eaten breakfast, they left

for work.
Practice #5
I really enjoyed the concert. The music was too
loud.

I really enjoyed the concert although the music was

too loud.
Practice #6
 The car was extremely expensive. Bob didn’t
have much money. He bought the car.

Though Bob didn’t have much money, he bought the

extremely expensive car.
Practice #7
I usually work out at the gym early in the morning.
I leave for work at eight a.m.

I usually work out at the gym before I leave for work

at eight.
Practice #8
 Sometimes it happens that we have a lot of rain. I
put the chairs on the patio in the garage when we
have rain.

If it rains a lot, I put the chairs on the patio in the

garage.
Review
 A simple sentence consists of one independent
clause.
 A compound sentence consists of two independent
clauses and a coordinating conjunction
(f.a.n.b.o.y.s.)
 A complex sentence consists of one independent
clause, one dependent clause, and a subordinating
conjunction.
The Compound-Complex Sentence
 Consists of:
 Two or more independent clauses
 At least one dependent clause
 A subordinating conjunction and a coordinating
conjunction
 In other words, a compound-complex sentence is made up
of a compound sentence and a complex sentence.
 Example:
 Although I like to go camping, I haven’t had the time to
go lately, and I haven’t found anyone to go with.
Conjunctive Adverbs
 The compound and complex sentences can be
joined by a conjunctive adverb

Furthermore Meanwhile
Therefore Hence
Moreover Thus
However Nevertheless
Practice.
 John went to school, but James remained at home
because he had a sore throat.
 If he changes his mind, we shall know for sure that
Joe has learned his lesson, but only time will tell.
 Those clouds promise rain; we should hurry before
we get caught in a flash flood.
Practice
 Here is the money that I owe you, and I am happy
to be free of debt.
 Were you ever in a storm that was full of lightning,
or don’t you recall?
Practice.
 Tom reads novels. Jack reads comics. Sam only
reads magazines.
 We decided that the movie was too violent. Our
children like to watch scary movies. Our children
thought we were wrong.
 David prefers watching romantic films. He rented
the latest spy thriller. He enjoyed the spy thriller
very much.
Practice.
 Laura forgot her friend’s birthday. She finally
remembered. She sent her a card.
 The bird was sitting on his perch. He was happily
eating his food. The bird fell.
 The store carries lots of grocery-type items. It has
other services too. It is the only store in the small
town.
Practice-Answers
1. Tom reads novels. Jack reads comics. Sam only
reads magazines.

While Tom reads novels, Jack reads comics, but Sam

only reads magazines.
Practice-Answers
We decided that the movie was too violent. Our
children like to watch scary movies. Our children
thought we were wrong.

We decided that the movie was too violent, but our

children, who like to watch scary movies, thought
that we were wrong.
Practice-Answers
 David prefers watching romantic films. He rented
the latest spy thriller. He enjoyed the spy thriller
very much.

 Though David prefers watching romantic films, he

rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very
much.
Practice-Answers
 Laura
forgot her friend’s birthday. She finally
remembered. She sent her a card.

 Lauraforgot her friend’s birthday, so she sent her a

card when she finally remembered.
Practice-Answers
 The bird was sitting on his perch. He was happily
eating his food. The bird fell.

 Thebird was sitting on his perch and he was

happily eating his food, until he fell.
Practice-Answers
 Thestore carries lots of grocery-type items. It has
other services too. It is the only store in the small
town.

 Thestore carries lots of grocery-type items and it

has other services because it is the only store in the
small town.