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Changes in Matter

This document discusses physical and chemical changes in matter. Physical changes alter a substance's physical properties without changing its chemical composition, and can include phase changes like melting, freezing, evaporation, and sublimation. Chemical changes alter the chemical composition of a substance, and can result in color changes, light emission, or heat production. Chemical reactions convert reactants to products through various types of reactions like synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement. Heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, or radiation.

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Takano Jun
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30 views21 pages

Changes in Matter

This document discusses physical and chemical changes in matter. Physical changes alter a substance's physical properties without changing its chemical composition, and can include phase changes like melting, freezing, evaporation, and sublimation. Chemical changes alter the chemical composition of a substance, and can result in color changes, light emission, or heat production. Chemical reactions convert reactants to products through various types of reactions like synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement. Heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, or radiation.

Uploaded by

Takano Jun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHANGES IN

MATTER
Physical in changes

It refers to the change in its


physical properties without
modifying the chemical composition
of matter, such as melting of ice,
chopping of woods, tearing of paper,
etc. This can also be characterized
by different phases, such as the
following:
Melting (Solid to Liquid)
Is a physical process that
results in the phase
transition of substance from
a solid to liquid. This occurs
when the internal energy of
the solid increases, typically
by the application of heat of
pressure, which increases
the substance’s temperature
to the melting point.
Evaporation (Liquid to Gas)

Is the process of substance in a


liquid state due to an increase in
temperature and/or pressure
Sublimation (Solid to Gas)

When anything solid turns into a gas without first


becoming liquid, that’s sublimation.
When the surface layer of snow or ice turns into a
fog or steam without melting, this is an example of
sublimation.
Freezing (Liquid to Solid)

Is phase transition in which a liquid turns


into a solid when a temperature is lowered
below its freezing point.
Deposition (Gas to Solid)

Is the geological process in which a sediments,


solid rocks are added to a landform or landmass.
Wind, ice, water and gravity transport previously
weathered surface material, which at the loss of
kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited.
Chemical Changes

It refers to the alternation of


matter’s chemical composition such
as the digestion of food, ripening of fruit,
rusting of iron, lighting of match, spoiling
of food, etc. This can be also be
characterized by different phases, such
as the following:
Change in Color

●A chemical reaction isn't always


visible to the human eye, but
sometimes it results in an impressive
color change and makes science
experiments more fun to witness.
When two or more substances
combine, they create one or more
new substances, which sometimes
have different molecular structures
from the original substances,
meaning they absorb and radiate light
in different ways, leading to a color
change.
Emission of Light

●Inorganic chemical reactions


involve compounds without carbon
atoms. Some of these chemical
reactions emit light as the chemical
compounds react. When light is
emitted as a result of the chemical
reaction, the reaction is said to be
chemiluminescent. In many cases,
this light is combined with heat
energy, as in combustion reactions.
Other times, little or no heat
accompanies the light.
Production of Heat

Combustion reactions, such
as a burning candle, are also
examples of the chemical
change through the combination
of wax and oxygen in
a reaction that produces heat,
light, and carbon dioxide.
Decomposition, the opposite of
combination, occurs when a
single substance breaks down
into two or more different
substances.
Chemical
Reactions
Converts to reactants to products.
Types of Chemical Reactions:

Synthesis Reactions: refers to the combination of two (2)


or more elements (reactants) to form a compound (product).

A + B = AB
Decomposition Reaction: refers to the breaking down of a
compound to form two (2) or more elements.

AB = A + B
Single Replacement Reactions: refers to the replacement of
an element on another in a compound.

A + BC = AB + C

Sodium + Potassium Chlorine = Sodium Chloride + Potassium


Double Replacement Reactions: refers to the switching of
elements in two compounds to form two new compounds.

AB + CD = AC + BD

Magnesium Oxygen + Calcium Sulfur =


Magnesium Sulfur + Calcium Oxygen
Heat Energy
Endothermic Reaction – pertains
to a chemical reaction which energy
is absorb.

Exothermic Reaction – pertains to


a chemical reaction which energy is
released.
Heat Transfer

Energy transfer when temperature varies.


It occurs in three ways:

Conduction

Convection

Radiation
Duction
Con
irect Contact

It is refers to the transfer


of energy when objects are in
direct contact.
Example:
●Touching the flames of the
candle.

●Touching a metal ladle that


is sitting in a pot of boiling
water conduction.

●Picking up a hot cup of


chocolate.
E
v aporation
Con ection
It refers to the transfer of heat
through liquid or gas.
Example:
●Hot water rises from a pot of boiling
water.

●Steaming cup of hot coffee.

●Driving forces of cloud formation


which may lead to thunderstorm.
Radiation
It refers to the transfer of heat
through thermal energy.
Example:
●A boy placing their cold hands
over a warm fire radiation.

●A man placing his hand over a


hot burner radiation.

●Lying out on the beach to get a


ran radiation.

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