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Activated Sludge

The document summarizes several types of activated sludge processes and modifications. The conventional activated sludge process involves wastewater aeration, solid-liquid separation, effluent discharge, biomass wasting, and return of biomass to the aeration tank. Modifications include step feed systems to better distribute oxygen demand, extended aeration for minimal sludge production, oxidation ditches for compact treatment, contact stabilization for industries with colloidal waste, and high purity oxygen activated sludge using pure oxygen for smaller volumes and higher biomass concentrations.

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64 views27 pages

Activated Sludge

The document summarizes several types of activated sludge processes and modifications. The conventional activated sludge process involves wastewater aeration, solid-liquid separation, effluent discharge, biomass wasting, and return of biomass to the aeration tank. Modifications include step feed systems to better distribute oxygen demand, extended aeration for minimal sludge production, oxidation ditches for compact treatment, contact stabilization for industries with colloidal waste, and high purity oxygen activated sludge using pure oxygen for smaller volumes and higher biomass concentrations.

Uploaded by

mostafagalal22
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ACTIVATED SLUDGE

&
ITS PROCESS MODIFICATION

Mukesh Kumar Jaga


Barkat Khan
Amit Verma
Sushil Kumar Meena
Introduction to the Activated sludge Process
 Historical Development
a) Developed around 1913 in Manchester
b) It is a Biological, secondary treatment
Activated sludge:
 Settled Biomass
 Activated micro-organism
Function of activated sludge:
1. Biodegradation of the influent organic material
2. To formation of floc particles
Basic principle:

 COHNS + O2 + bacteria CO2 +


H2O+NH3
+ Energy + other end products
 Synthesis:
COHNS + O2 + bacteria + energy C5H7NO2

( new cell tissue )


 Chemoheterotrophic bacteria
 Micro-organisms grow and form particles that clamp
together
 Activated sludge plant involves:
1. wastewater aeration in the presence of
a microbial suspension,
2. solid-liquid separation following
aeration,
3. discharge of clarified effluent,
4. wasting of excess biomass, and
5. return of remaining biomass to the
aeration tank.
Activated Sludge Process Variables
 Mixing Regime
 Loading Rate

a) hydraulic retention time (HRT)


b)  sludge retention time (SRT)
c) volumetric organic loading
d) Food to Microorganism ratio ( F/ M )
 Flow Scheme
 the pattern of sewage addition
 the pattern of sludge return to the aeration tank and
 the pattern of aeration
Activated Sludge Process &
Modification :-

CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

• STEP FEED SYSTEM

• EXTENDED AERATION ASP

• OXIDATION DITCH ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

• CONTACT STABILIZATION ACTIVATED SLUDGE

• HIGH PURITY OXYGEN ACTIVATED SLUDGE


CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE
PROCESS

civil.colorado.edu (activated sludge process schematics)


Advantages :
• Allows smaller volume
• Flexible operation, zone aeration, accommodates
anoxic and aerobic processes with single biomass for
biological nutrient removal
• Less aeration
• Better settling characteristics

Disadvantages
• High oxygen demand in inlet zone
• May not buffer peak loads as well, although less likely in
activated sludge with high biomass
• Less efficiency due to uniform aeration through out the
length of aeration tank but demand is less.
Step Feed System

nptel.iitm.ac.in
Methods to decrease in aeration :-

By decreasing the diffuser’s density (no. of diffusers per unit length)


along the length
It can be done by
changing c/c distance of diffusers

By decreasing the diffuser’s density (no. of diffusers per unit length)


Advantage :
• Suitable for high Bod wastewaters. Eg; food processing
industry wastewater
• Lower the peak oxygen demand
• Better equalization of waste load ( within aeration tank )
• Better distribution of oxygen demand over entire length of
A.T.
• Smaller aeration tank volume compared to conventional
activated sludge unit
Extended Aeration System

• External substrate is completely removed.


• Auto oxidation (internal substrate is used).
• Net growth =0
If Q, So, Se & X are the same
Volume required in extended aeration system = 30 times that
of conventional ASP
www.brighthub.com
Advantages :

• Sludge production minimum


• Stabilized sludge – no digesters are required
• Nutrient requirement minimal

Disadvantages :

• High power requirement


• Large volume of aeration tank
• Suitable for small communities
Oxidation ditch

nptel.iitm.ac.in
Influent

Sludge
return
Brush-type
aerators

Secondary
Effluent clarifier
• Working on the principle of extended
aeration.

• Compact unit ( sedimentation, aeration &


sludge stabilization in one)

• Used for small communities

• Q < 3,800 cum m/day


- This unit is preferred
Advantages :

• Typically small systems

• Flexible operation with placement and use of


aerators – can be used for nutrient removal

• Very stable process

• No primary clarifier – simpler sludge handling

• Good settling characteristics


Disadvantages :

• Long aeration time, larger reactor.

• Higher aeration requirement.

• Mechanical aeration equipment (rotors, large


turbines)required to move water around the
channel as well as aerate. Can create zones of
high oxygen and add maintenance costs. More
recent designs use diffusers for aeration and
reduce mechanical requirement.
Contact Stabilization Process

Wastewater rich in colloidal organic solids


besides soluble BOD
Eg: Dairy industry, meat processing industry
www.webapps.cee.vt.edu
Contact tank

• Design is based on separation time.


Separation of colloidal and soluble substrate
based on MLSS.

• No increase in biomass concentration (during


separation process no energy generated )
Stabilization tank

• Stabilization of colloidal and soluble BOD by


microbes.

• Increase in biomass

• Detention time in stabilization tank is 3 to 4 hrs.


Advantages

• Reduced aeration requirement with short


contact tank residence time
• Reportedly better settling sludge

Disadvantages

• Complex operation
• Possible reduced treatment for soluble
contaminants in contact tank
HIGH PURITY OXYGEN ACTIVATED
SLUDGE

Oxygen added under pressure to keeps dissolved oxygen level


high

civil.colorado.edu
Advantages:

• Five times oxygen transfer rate over air


• Smaller volume
• Higher biomass concentration possible, but limited by
secondary settler capacity

Disadvantages :

• Very expensive: covered tanks, high energy cost for O2


generation, gas recirculation equipment
• No flexibility (all aerobic processes)
• Settling problems have been reported
References :
• www.oakharborcleanwater.org
• civil.colorado.edu (activated sludge process
schematics)
• www.brighthub.com
• httpwww.webapps.cee.vt.edu

• Metcalf & Eddy “Wastewater Engineering,


Treatment and Reuse”
• http://nptel.iitm.ac.in

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